Instances of an object
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The easiest way is to keep only real missiles in your collection, which means: - the collection starts off empty; - when you create a missile, add it to the collection; - when you destroy a missile, remove it from the collection. Avoid overall variables (such as mcount in your example), as they typically are redundant and hence just can cause bugs and inconsistencies. :)
Luc Pattyn [Forum Guidelines] [My Articles] Nil Volentibus Arduum
Please use <PRE> tags for code snippets, they preserve indentation, improve readability, and make me actually look at the code.
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Thanks. John a have a few questions about your code. 1.
Missiles->RemoveAll(gcnew Predicate<missile^>(this, &Form1::IsMissileOffScreen));
How exactly does this work. 2. What does the ^ character do. Thanks again.
Oops. You replied to me, not to John. I suggest you try again. :)
Luc Pattyn [Forum Guidelines] [My Articles] Nil Volentibus Arduum
Please use <PRE> tags for code snippets, they preserve indentation, improve readability, and make me actually look at the code.
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I think your real slowdown comes from having a timer in each individual missiles. They keep ticking even after they've left the screen. And you never stop the timer and unsubscribe the tick event in each missile. This keeps the timers and missiles all alive all the time. I've tweaked your code some and removed those separate timers and just update all the missiles from the Form's timer. Also, I remove the missiles which have gone off-screen so those won't be updated after they're gone . This should allow for more missiles and better perf/memory usage. There are clearly other improvements you could do such as having the logic to determine whether a missile is off-screen determined by the missile class. I hope this helps you get going... John
using namespace System;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Data;
using namespace System::Drawing;using namespace System::Collections::Generic;
public ref class object{
public:
PictureBox^ Box3;object( Form ^ form ) // Class Constructor. { Box3 = gcnew PictureBox(); Box3->Left = 150; Box3->Top = 50; Box3->Width = 100; Box3->Height = 100; Box3->BackColor = System::Drawing::Color::Red; form->Controls->Add(Box3); }};
public ref class missile{
public:
PictureBox^ Box1;missile( Form ^ form ) // Class Constructor. { Box1 = gcnew PictureBox(); Box1->Left = 150; Box1->Top = 240; Box1->Width = 10; Box1->Height = 10; Box1->BackColor = System::Drawing::Color::Blue; form->Controls->Add(Box1); } void update() { Box1->Top--; }};
public ref class Form1 : public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
public:
PictureBox^ Box2;
object^ o1;
Timer^ Timer3;
bool x;
List^ Missiles;Form1() // Class constructor. { Missiles = gcnew List(); x=false; Timer3 = gcnew Timer(); Timer3->Interval = 1; Timer3->Start(); Box2 = gcnew PictureBox(); Box2->BackColor = Color::Blue; Box2->Top = 240; Box2->Left = (this->Width / 2) - 40; Box2->Width = 40; Box2->Height = 10; this->Controls->Add(Box2); this->KeyDown += gcnew System::Windows::Forms::KeyEventHandler(this, &Form1::Form\_KeyDown); Timer3->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(t -
Thanks. John a have a few questions about your code. 1. Missiles->RemoveAll(gcnew Predicate<missile^>(this, &Form1::IsMissileOffScreen));How exactly does this work. 2. What does the ^ character do. Thanks again.
Let's start with #2: The ^ character indicates a handle which is a reference to a managed object on the CLI heap. The Wikipedia article isn't too good at explaining in my opinion: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI#Handles[^] but you may want to look at it anyway. This intro may be a bit friendlier: http://www.functionx.com/cppcli/handles/Lesson06c.htm[^] For #1: I'm creating a Predicate which is really just a function which returns True or False based on my own rules. Often predicates are used for sorting. So my predicate function (IsMissileOffScreen) returns True if I see the missile has left the screen. In RemoveAll, my predicate is called and passed one missile at a time as a parameter (the type of the parameter is missile^ which I indicate in the < > arguments. If I return True from IsMissileOffScreen, the RemoveAll() call will remove the missile from the Missiles list. So after this line, we're left with only on-screen missiles in the Missiles list. Make sense? John
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Let's start with #2: The ^ character indicates a handle which is a reference to a managed object on the CLI heap. The Wikipedia article isn't too good at explaining in my opinion: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI#Handles[^] but you may want to look at it anyway. This intro may be a bit friendlier: http://www.functionx.com/cppcli/handles/Lesson06c.htm[^] For #1: I'm creating a Predicate which is really just a function which returns True or False based on my own rules. Often predicates are used for sorting. So my predicate function (IsMissileOffScreen) returns True if I see the missile has left the screen. In RemoveAll, my predicate is called and passed one missile at a time as a parameter (the type of the parameter is missile^ which I indicate in the < > arguments. If I return True from IsMissileOffScreen, the RemoveAll() call will remove the missile from the Missiles list. So after this line, we're left with only on-screen missiles in the Missiles list. Make sense? John
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Let's start with #2: The ^ character indicates a handle which is a reference to a managed object on the CLI heap. The Wikipedia article isn't too good at explaining in my opinion: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI#Handles[^] but you may want to look at it anyway. This intro may be a bit friendlier: http://www.functionx.com/cppcli/handles/Lesson06c.htm[^] For #1: I'm creating a Predicate which is really just a function which returns True or False based on my own rules. Often predicates are used for sorting. So my predicate function (IsMissileOffScreen) returns True if I see the missile has left the screen. In RemoveAll, my predicate is called and passed one missile at a time as a parameter (the type of the parameter is missile^ which I indicate in the < > arguments. If I return True from IsMissileOffScreen, the RemoveAll() call will remove the missile from the Missiles list. So after this line, we're left with only on-screen missiles in the Missiles list. Make sense? John
I have one little issue. I can't seem to delete the enemy object. I have tried "delete o1" and dispose "o1->Box3->Dispose" and none work. Any ideas? Thanks.
System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^ sender, System::EventArgs^ e) // A timer that checks for missile collisions.
{
for each (missile^ m in Missiles) // Go through the "Missiles" list and check for certain conditions such as a missile collision.
{
if(IsColliding(m)) // Run the collision detection function.
{
collision = false;
if(m->Timer1->Enabled || m->Timer2->Enabled || m->Timer3->Enabled || m->Timer4->Enabled){collision_counter++;}
Label1->Text = collision_counter.ToString();
if(collision_counter == 1){} // Destroy the enemy object.
m->Timer1->Stop(); // Stop the missiles from animatiing.
m->Timer2->Stop();
m->Timer3->Stop();
m->Timer4->Stop();
}
}
Missiles->RemoveAll(gcnew Predicate<missile^>(this, &Form1::IsMissileOffScreen)); // Remove any m("missile" class object instances) from the "Missile" list.
}Entire Code
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;public ref class missile // missile class
{
public:
PictureBox^ Box1; // Create the missile using a Picturebox control.
Timer^ Timer1;
Timer^ Timer2;
Timer^ Timer3;
Timer^ Timer4;missile( Form ^ form ) // Class Constructor. { Timer1 = gcnew Timer(); Timer2 = gcnew Timer(); Timer3 = gcnew Timer(); Timer4 = gcnew Timer(); Timer1->Interval = 1; Timer1->Start(); Timer2->Interval = 1; Timer3->Interval = 1; Timer4->Interval = 1; Box1 = gcnew PictureBox(); Box1->Width = 10; Box1->Height = 10; Box1->Left = 150; Box1->Top = 335; Box1->BackColor = System::Drawing::Color::Blue; form->Controls->Add(Box1); Timer1->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer1\_Tick); Timer2->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer2\_Tick); Timer3->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer3\_Tick); Timer4->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer4\_Tick); } System::Void timer1\_Tick(System::Ob -
I have one little issue. I can't seem to delete the enemy object. I have tried "delete o1" and dispose "o1->Box3->Dispose" and none work. Any ideas? Thanks.
System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^ sender, System::EventArgs^ e) // A timer that checks for missile collisions.
{
for each (missile^ m in Missiles) // Go through the "Missiles" list and check for certain conditions such as a missile collision.
{
if(IsColliding(m)) // Run the collision detection function.
{
collision = false;
if(m->Timer1->Enabled || m->Timer2->Enabled || m->Timer3->Enabled || m->Timer4->Enabled){collision_counter++;}
Label1->Text = collision_counter.ToString();
if(collision_counter == 1){} // Destroy the enemy object.
m->Timer1->Stop(); // Stop the missiles from animatiing.
m->Timer2->Stop();
m->Timer3->Stop();
m->Timer4->Stop();
}
}
Missiles->RemoveAll(gcnew Predicate<missile^>(this, &Form1::IsMissileOffScreen)); // Remove any m("missile" class object instances) from the "Missile" list.
}Entire Code
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;public ref class missile // missile class
{
public:
PictureBox^ Box1; // Create the missile using a Picturebox control.
Timer^ Timer1;
Timer^ Timer2;
Timer^ Timer3;
Timer^ Timer4;missile( Form ^ form ) // Class Constructor. { Timer1 = gcnew Timer(); Timer2 = gcnew Timer(); Timer3 = gcnew Timer(); Timer4 = gcnew Timer(); Timer1->Interval = 1; Timer1->Start(); Timer2->Interval = 1; Timer3->Interval = 1; Timer4->Interval = 1; Box1 = gcnew PictureBox(); Box1->Width = 10; Box1->Height = 10; Box1->Left = 150; Box1->Top = 335; Box1->BackColor = System::Drawing::Color::Blue; form->Controls->Add(Box1); Timer1->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer1\_Tick); Timer2->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer2\_Tick); Timer3->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer3\_Tick); Timer4->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer4\_Tick); } System::Void timer1\_Tick(System::Obwhy would each missile need four timers? you can have multiple statements in a single Tick handler, and you can skip part of the handler if not all code needs the same period, as in (C# code again):
int tick=0;
public void TickHandler(object sender, EventArgs e) {
tick++;
doSomethingEachTime();
if (tick%10==0) doSomethingEveryTenthTime();
}And I already told you an interval of 1 msec does not really exist for the timers you are using, see the article I provided a link to. :)
Luc Pattyn [Forum Guidelines] [My Articles] Nil Volentibus Arduum
Please use <PRE> tags for code snippets, they preserve indentation, improve readability, and make me actually look at the code.
-
why would each missile need four timers? you can have multiple statements in a single Tick handler, and you can skip part of the handler if not all code needs the same period, as in (C# code again):
int tick=0;
public void TickHandler(object sender, EventArgs e) {
tick++;
doSomethingEachTime();
if (tick%10==0) doSomethingEveryTenthTime();
}And I already told you an interval of 1 msec does not really exist for the timers you are using, see the article I provided a link to. :)
Luc Pattyn [Forum Guidelines] [My Articles] Nil Volentibus Arduum
Please use <PRE> tags for code snippets, they preserve indentation, improve readability, and make me actually look at the code.
Luc is correct, the missile really should not maintain four timers. As for why you cannot seem to delete the object, there are a few things here: When you detect the collision, you need to remove o1->Box3 from the form children so that it disappears from the screen. After that, simply set o1 = null; It's probably smart to make a function in the object class like explode() which does the removal of Box3. Also, you have lots of code which assumes o1 is non-null. You need to check o1 for null before using it. And one more suggestion is to rename your class from "object" to something like "target" since it's easy to confuse with System::Object. John
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Luc is correct, the missile really should not maintain four timers. As for why you cannot seem to delete the object, there are a few things here: When you detect the collision, you need to remove o1->Box3 from the form children so that it disappears from the screen. After that, simply set o1 = null; It's probably smart to make a function in the object class like explode() which does the removal of Box3. Also, you have lots of code which assumes o1 is non-null. You need to check o1 for null before using it. And one more suggestion is to rename your class from "object" to something like "target" since it's easy to confuse with System::Object. John
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Luc is correct, the missile really should not maintain four timers. As for why you cannot seem to delete the object, there are a few things here: When you detect the collision, you need to remove o1->Box3 from the form children so that it disappears from the screen. After that, simply set o1 = null; It's probably smart to make a function in the object class like explode() which does the removal of Box3. Also, you have lots of code which assumes o1 is non-null. You need to check o1 for null before using it. And one more suggestion is to rename your class from "object" to something like "target" since it's easy to confuse with System::Object. John