new&delete, malloc&free

[raner]

Hi I've always read that with every "new" there shld be a "delete" and likewise with "malloc" and "free", otherwise it'll lead to memory leak.However when the application is terminated, will this resources be freed? Once, i've created an object with "new" in a loop and was unable to delete the object outside the loop.Anyone knows why? thks!

[jhwurmbach]

raner wrote: However when the application is terminated, will this resources be freed? Yes. In debug mode, the IDE shows nasty comments about the leaks, but thats it. So, if your app starts, runs a second, leaking a few KB of memory and terminates, no harm is done. But if you imagine MS-Word would leak one byte per keystroke, you see how this would lead to trouble. Basically, dont leak at all! It is not that hard to acomplish if you are careful: Drop char* in favor of std::string or CString, drop dynamic C-arrays in vavor of std::vector etc. Those pointers that you need are initialised at creation, checked against NULL before use and set to NULL after the delete. raner wrote: Once, i've created an object with "new" in a loop and was unable to delete the object outside the loop.Anyone knows why? You threw away the pointer to this object, eg. overwriting it in the next loop iteration? Remember:
My opinions may have changed, but not the fact that I am right.

[raner]

jhwurmbach wrote: Drop char* in favor of std::string or CString, drop dynamic C-arrays in vavor of std::vector etc. By std::vector, are u referring to STL?..Sorry i'm not very familiar with VC yet. For the use of "new" in the loop, yes, i reassigned the pointer to consecutive elements in an array at each iteration.Do i not need to delete the pointer then? thks alot!

[jhwurmbach]

Yes std:: is the namespace where the STL resides. Read the tutorials here at CP, and you will understand how it works, and soon be a follower of the
GREAT STL *manic laugh* ;) As to the loop, you said you could not delete memory you newed in a loop. If you have overwritten the pointer to this memory (being your only access) in the next iteration, you can not delete it: A delete on your pointer deletes only the last newed memory.

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My opinions may have changed, but not the fact that I am right.

[AlexO]

The best way to understand the difference is to analyze what new/delete is actually doing. new(global new operator): 1. Call operator new of the data type to allocate n bytes of memory. Default implementation just calls ::malloc(n) 2. Call constructor of the given data type for the new object delete (global delete operator): 1. Call destructor of the given data type for the object being deleted 2. Call operator delete of the data type to free the memory. The default implementation just calls ::free(p). Example main() { A* pA = new A();//1. call ::new //2. call A::operator new(...) //3. call A::A() delete pA; ;//1. call ::delete //2. call A::~A //3. call A::operator delete(...) } The array and build in types are slightly different, but we can ignore the difference for now. Now about loop allocation int* pi = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 100;++i) { pi = new int;//we allocate new int //if we do not call delete before next iteration //we are going to loose memory when pi is //reassign to new value } I hope it helps AlexO P.S. I did not cover constructor/destructor invokation order, I assume you already know about that

[raner]

ok..i see the point now. But can i confirm that the following statements should be fine? int* pi = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 100;++i) { pi = new int; //I'll store pointer pi of each iterationin some kind of array, so it can be retrieved later } delete pi;

[jhwurmbach]

raner wrote: But can i confirm that the following statements should be fine? [..example deleted..] No! You have 100 'new int' instructions (in the loop), but only one delete (after the loop). You are leaking 99 ints. This one works:

#include < iostream >
#define num 100
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
typedef int* intPtr;
//allocate memory for an array of int*, size of array is num
intPtr* pI = new intPtr[num];

//allocate the numbers
for(int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
{
    pI\[i\] = new int;
    \*pI\[i\] = i\*i;
}

//use the numbers
for( i = 0; i < num; ++i)
    std::cout << "i: " << i << "  i quadrat: " << \*pI\[i\] << std::endl;

//delete the content of the arry of pointers
//that is, delete the numbers
for(i = 0; i < num; ++i)
{
    delete pI\[i\];
}
//delete the array of pointers to numbers
delete\[\] pI; 	

return 0;

}

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My opinions may have changed, but not the fact that I am right.

[raner]

i think i get it...thks alot!