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  4. MFC. How to display a bitmap or a .png file

MFC. How to display a bitmap or a .png file

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  • C charlieg

    Been a while since I futzed with Windows drawing. There are some tricks to it. Let me go find some old code. Right off the bat, beware working with DCs and bitmaps. MS' implementation can be subtle.

    Charlie Gilley “They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” BF, 1759 Has never been more appropriate.

    L Offline
    L Offline
    Lost User
    wrote on last edited by
    #12

    charlieg wrote:

    MS' implementation can be subtle.

    I have worked with DCs bitmaps, icons etc over many years using MFC, GDI and GDI+, and never had a problem, other than with my own mistakes.

    C 1 Reply Last reply
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    • L Lost User

      charlieg wrote:

      MS' implementation can be subtle.

      I have worked with DCs bitmaps, icons etc over many years using MFC, GDI and GDI+, and never had a problem, other than with my own mistakes.

      C Offline
      C Offline
      charlieg
      wrote on last edited by
      #13

      Truth in your statement, but I cut my graphics teeth in X-Windows which seemed to be much more logical than MS' implementation.

      Charlie Gilley “They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” BF, 1759 Has never been more appropriate.

      1 Reply Last reply
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      • CPalliniC CPallini

        A similar code draws the bitmap, on my system. Why didn't you check the return value of the LoadBitmap call?

        "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

        B Offline
        B Offline
        BigSteve O
        wrote on last edited by
        #14

        It looks like loadBitmap returns NULL. I have no idea as to why though. Do you have a code snippet you can share?

        V CPalliniC 3 Replies Last reply
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        • B BigSteve O

          It looks like loadBitmap returns NULL. I have no idea as to why though. Do you have a code snippet you can share?

          V Offline
          V Offline
          Victor Nijegorodov
          wrote on last edited by
          #15

          BigSteve-O wrote:

          It looks like loadBitmap returns NULL. I have no idea as to why though.

          According to Docs in [CBitmap Class | Microsoft Learn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/mfc/reference/cbitmap-class?view=msvc-170#loadbitmap) :

          Quote:

          If the bitmap identified by lpszResourceName does not exist or if there is insufficient memory to load the bitmap, the function returns 0.

          1 Reply Last reply
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          • B BigSteve O

            It looks like loadBitmap returns NULL. I have no idea as to why though. Do you have a code snippet you can share?

            V Offline
            V Offline
            Victor Nijegorodov
            wrote on last edited by
            #16

            You can try to use LoadImage API instesd: [LoadImageA function (winuser.h) - Win32 apps | Microsoft Learn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winuser/nf-winuser-loadimagea)

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            • B BigSteve O

              It looks like loadBitmap returns NULL. I have no idea as to why though. Do you have a code snippet you can share?

              CPalliniC Offline
              CPalliniC Offline
              CPallini
              wrote on last edited by
              #17

              I used the sample code of this page: CDC Class - CDC::CreateCompatibleDC | Microsoft Learn[^].

              "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

              In testa che avete, signor di Ceprano?

              B 1 Reply Last reply
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              • CPalliniC CPallini

                I used the sample code of this page: CDC Class - CDC::CreateCompatibleDC | Microsoft Learn[^].

                "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

                B Offline
                B Offline
                BigSteve O
                wrote on last edited by
                #18

                Thank You. I copied the sample code over, and I have noticed the following: 1) If I draw the bitmap first, and then draw the board afterwards, I can see the board and the test bitmap. 2) If I draw the board first and then the test bitmap, I only see the board. The loadBitmap call is successfull)

                CPalliniC 1 Reply Last reply
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                • B BigSteve O

                  Thank You. Appreciate it.

                  C Offline
                  C Offline
                  charlieg
                  wrote on last edited by
                  #19

                  You still sucking air? I'm coming up on some free time. Turn on your profile to allow direct email.

                  Charlie Gilley “They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” BF, 1759 Has never been more appropriate.

                  1 Reply Last reply
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                  • B BigSteve O

                    Thank You. I copied the sample code over, and I have noticed the following: 1) If I draw the bitmap first, and then draw the board afterwards, I can see the board and the test bitmap. 2) If I draw the board first and then the test bitmap, I only see the board. The loadBitmap call is successfull)

                    CPalliniC Offline
                    CPalliniC Offline
                    CPallini
                    wrote on last edited by
                    #20

                    That's rather strange. Do you use the same DC for the board and bitmap?

                    "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

                    In testa che avete, signor di Ceprano?

                    B 1 Reply Last reply
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                    • B BigSteve O

                      Thank You. Appreciate it.

                      C Offline
                      C Offline
                      charlieg
                      wrote on last edited by
                      #21

                      Okay, you have an error in your code: // Copy the bits from the memory DC into the current dc pDC->BitBlt(20, 10, 436, 364, &MemDCLady, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); is the culprit. Recall that you've set your coordinate system to low English which fixes the bassackwardness of drawing. If you trace your board generation, you will see that your Y values go from 0 to negative values. Looking at the above line, you are drawing off the top of your view window. Change the 364 to -364 and you'll see your image. Of course, *I've* never done that :)

                      Charlie Gilley “They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” BF, 1759 Has never been more appropriate.

                      1 Reply Last reply
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                      • B BigSteve O

                        Thank You. Appreciate it.

                        C Offline
                        C Offline
                        charlieg
                        wrote on last edited by
                        #22

                        See my other reply.

                        Charlie Gilley “They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” BF, 1759 Has never been more appropriate.

                        1 Reply Last reply
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                        • CPalliniC CPallini

                          That's rather strange. Do you use the same DC for the board and bitmap?

                          "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

                          B Offline
                          B Offline
                          BigSteve O
                          wrote on last edited by
                          #23

                          Yes, I do.

                          L 1 Reply Last reply
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                          • B BigSteve O

                            Yes, I do.

                            L Offline
                            L Offline
                            Lost User
                            wrote on last edited by
                            #24

                            Post the complete contents of both your [WM_PAINT](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/gdi/wm-paint) and [WM_ERASEBKGND](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/wm-erasebkgnd). I can help but I need to see both.

                            B 1 Reply Last reply
                            0
                            • L Lost User

                              Post the complete contents of both your [WM_PAINT](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/gdi/wm-paint) and [WM_ERASEBKGND](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/wm-erasebkgnd). I can help but I need to see both.

                              B Offline
                              B Offline
                              BigSteve O
                              wrote on last edited by
                              #25

                              Here is my onDraw()

                              void CMyChessTestView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
                              {
                              CMyChessTestDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
                              ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
                              if (!pDoc)
                              return;

                              // TODO: add draw code for native data here
                              // Draw the empty board....
                              drawImage(pDC, 100, 100);
                              drawEmptyBoard(pDC);
                              

                              }

                              Here is the drawImage(...)

                              void CMyChessTestView::drawImage(CDC* pDC, int x, int y)
                              {

                              // load IDB\_BITMAP1 from our resources
                              CBitmap bmp;
                              if (bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB\_LADYPIC))
                              {
                              	// Get the size of the bitmap
                              	BITMAP bmpInfo;
                              	bmp.GetBitmap(&bmpInfo);
                              
                              	// Create an in-memory DC compatible with the
                              	// display DC we're using to paint
                              	CDC dcMemory;
                              	
                              	dcMemory.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);
                              
                              	// Select the bitmap into the in-memory DC
                              	CBitmap \*pOldBitmap = dcMemory.SelectObject(&bmp);
                              
                              	// Find a centerpoint for the bitmap in the client area
                              	CRect rect;
                              	GetClientRect(&rect);
                              	int nX = rect.left + (rect.Width() - bmpInfo.bmWidth) / 2;
                              	int nY = rect.top + (rect.Height() - bmpInfo.bmHeight) / 2;
                              
                              	// Copy the bits from the in-memory DC into the on-
                              	// screen DC to actually do the painting. Use the centerpoint
                              	// we computed for the target offset.
                              	pDC->BitBlt(nX, nY, bmpInfo.bmWidth, bmpInfo.bmHeight, &dcMemory,
                              		0, 0, SRCCOPY);
                              
                              	dcMemory.SelectObject(pOldBitmap);
                              }
                              else
                              {
                              	TRACE0("ERROR: Where's IDB\_LADYPIC?\\n");
                              }
                              

                              }

                              Here is the drawEmptyBoard()

                              void CMyChessTestView::drawEmptyBoard(CDC* pDC)
                              {
                              CMyChessTestDoc* pBC = GetDocument();
                              ASSERT_VALID(pBC);
                              if (!pBC)
                              return;
                              //drawImage(pDC, 80, 80);
                              pDC->SetMapMode(MM_LOENGLISH);
                              pDC->SetWindowExt(800, 800);
                              //pDC->SetViewportOrg(testrec.Width(), testrec.Height());

                              for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
                              {
                              	for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
                              	{
                              		COLORREF color = pBC->getSquare(i, j);
                              		CBrush brush(color);
                              		int x1 = (j \* 70) + 35;
                              		int y1 = (i \* -70) - 35;
                              		int x2 = x1 + 70;
                              		int y2 = y1 - 70;
                              		CRect rect(x1, y1, x2, y2);
                              		pDC->FillRect(rect, &brush);
                              		//pDC->Rectangle(rect);
                              	}
                              }
                              // Now draw the borders
                              for (int x = 35; x <= 595; x += 70)
                              {
                              	pDC->MoveTo(x, -35);
                              	pDC->LineTo(x, -595);
                              }
                              for (int y = -35; y >= -595; y -= 70)
                              {
                              	pDC->MoveTo(35, y);
                              	pDC->LineTo(595, y);
                              }
                              
                              L 1 Reply Last reply
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                              • B BigSteve O

                                Here is my onDraw()

                                void CMyChessTestView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
                                {
                                CMyChessTestDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
                                ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
                                if (!pDoc)
                                return;

                                // TODO: add draw code for native data here
                                // Draw the empty board....
                                drawImage(pDC, 100, 100);
                                drawEmptyBoard(pDC);
                                

                                }

                                Here is the drawImage(...)

                                void CMyChessTestView::drawImage(CDC* pDC, int x, int y)
                                {

                                // load IDB\_BITMAP1 from our resources
                                CBitmap bmp;
                                if (bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB\_LADYPIC))
                                {
                                	// Get the size of the bitmap
                                	BITMAP bmpInfo;
                                	bmp.GetBitmap(&bmpInfo);
                                
                                	// Create an in-memory DC compatible with the
                                	// display DC we're using to paint
                                	CDC dcMemory;
                                	
                                	dcMemory.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);
                                
                                	// Select the bitmap into the in-memory DC
                                	CBitmap \*pOldBitmap = dcMemory.SelectObject(&bmp);
                                
                                	// Find a centerpoint for the bitmap in the client area
                                	CRect rect;
                                	GetClientRect(&rect);
                                	int nX = rect.left + (rect.Width() - bmpInfo.bmWidth) / 2;
                                	int nY = rect.top + (rect.Height() - bmpInfo.bmHeight) / 2;
                                
                                	// Copy the bits from the in-memory DC into the on-
                                	// screen DC to actually do the painting. Use the centerpoint
                                	// we computed for the target offset.
                                	pDC->BitBlt(nX, nY, bmpInfo.bmWidth, bmpInfo.bmHeight, &dcMemory,
                                		0, 0, SRCCOPY);
                                
                                	dcMemory.SelectObject(pOldBitmap);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                	TRACE0("ERROR: Where's IDB\_LADYPIC?\\n");
                                }
                                

                                }

                                Here is the drawEmptyBoard()

                                void CMyChessTestView::drawEmptyBoard(CDC* pDC)
                                {
                                CMyChessTestDoc* pBC = GetDocument();
                                ASSERT_VALID(pBC);
                                if (!pBC)
                                return;
                                //drawImage(pDC, 80, 80);
                                pDC->SetMapMode(MM_LOENGLISH);
                                pDC->SetWindowExt(800, 800);
                                //pDC->SetViewportOrg(testrec.Width(), testrec.Height());

                                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
                                {
                                	for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
                                	{
                                		COLORREF color = pBC->getSquare(i, j);
                                		CBrush brush(color);
                                		int x1 = (j \* 70) + 35;
                                		int y1 = (i \* -70) - 35;
                                		int x2 = x1 + 70;
                                		int y2 = y1 - 70;
                                		CRect rect(x1, y1, x2, y2);
                                		pDC->FillRect(rect, &brush);
                                		//pDC->Rectangle(rect);
                                	}
                                }
                                // Now draw the borders
                                for (int x = 35; x <= 595; x += 70)
                                {
                                	pDC->MoveTo(x, -35);
                                	pDC->LineTo(x, -595);
                                }
                                for (int y = -35; y >= -595; y -= 70)
                                {
                                	pDC->MoveTo(35, y);
                                	pDC->LineTo(595, y);
                                }
                                
                                L Offline
                                L Offline
                                Lost User
                                wrote on last edited by
                                #26

                                Really? You draw the chess piece first and then draw the chess board on top of it?

                                B 1 Reply Last reply
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                                • L Lost User

                                  Really? You draw the chess piece first and then draw the chess board on top of it?

                                  B Offline
                                  B Offline
                                  BigSteve O
                                  wrote on last edited by
                                  #27

                                  No, It serves to demonstrate that if I draw the board first, the pieces will not show up, and that by drawing the piece first and then the board, all shows up.

                                  V CPalliniC 2 Replies Last reply
                                  0
                                  • B BigSteve O

                                    No, It serves to demonstrate that if I draw the board first, the pieces will not show up, and that by drawing the piece first and then the board, all shows up.

                                    V Offline
                                    V Offline
                                    Victor Nijegorodov
                                    wrote on last edited by
                                    #28

                                    BigSteve-O wrote:

                                    if I draw the board first, the pieces will not show up, and that by drawing the piece first and then the board, all shows up.

                                    Then why do you try to draw first the board? :confused:

                                    1 Reply Last reply
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                                    • B BigSteve O

                                      No, It serves to demonstrate that if I draw the board first, the pieces will not show up, and that by drawing the piece first and then the board, all shows up.

                                      CPalliniC Offline
                                      CPalliniC Offline
                                      CPallini
                                      wrote on last edited by
                                      #29

                                      OK, I was able to reproduce your issue, and with a bit of luck, to fix it. The problem arises when you change the DC mapping mode. Now while I am not an expert of mapping modes, this code displays the bitmap over the empty board: Inside OnDraw (is actually OnPaint in my test app)

                                      //..
                                      drawEmptyBoard(&dc);
                                      drawImage(&dc, 105, -105); // note the negative y
                                      //..

                                      While drawImage becomes

                                      /*..*/::drawImage(CDC* pDC, int x, int y)
                                      {
                                      CBitmap bmp;
                                      if (bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB_LADYPIC))
                                      {
                                      BITMAP bmpInfo;
                                      bmp.GetBitmap(&bmpInfo);

                                      	CDC dcMemory;
                                      
                                      	dcMemory.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);
                                      	dcMemory.SetMapMode(pDC->GetMapMode()); // as weird as it looks, the map mode is not the same, after CreateCompatibleDC
                                      
                                      	// Select the bitmap into the in-memory DC
                                      	CBitmap\* pOldBitmap = dcMemory.SelectObject(&bmp);
                                      
                                      	pDC->StretchBlt(x, y, bmpInfo.bmWidth, bmpInfo.bmHeight, &dcMemory,0, 0, bmpInfo.bmWidth, -bmpInfo.bmHeight, SRCCOPY); // note the negative height of the bitmap
                                      
                                      	dcMemory.SelectObject(pOldBitmap);
                                      }
                                      

                                      }

                                      To make things more explicit, I would move the SetMapMode call out of drawEmptyBoard.

                                      "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

                                      In testa che avete, signor di Ceprano?

                                      B 1 Reply Last reply
                                      0
                                      • CPalliniC CPallini

                                        OK, I was able to reproduce your issue, and with a bit of luck, to fix it. The problem arises when you change the DC mapping mode. Now while I am not an expert of mapping modes, this code displays the bitmap over the empty board: Inside OnDraw (is actually OnPaint in my test app)

                                        //..
                                        drawEmptyBoard(&dc);
                                        drawImage(&dc, 105, -105); // note the negative y
                                        //..

                                        While drawImage becomes

                                        /*..*/::drawImage(CDC* pDC, int x, int y)
                                        {
                                        CBitmap bmp;
                                        if (bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB_LADYPIC))
                                        {
                                        BITMAP bmpInfo;
                                        bmp.GetBitmap(&bmpInfo);

                                        	CDC dcMemory;
                                        
                                        	dcMemory.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);
                                        	dcMemory.SetMapMode(pDC->GetMapMode()); // as weird as it looks, the map mode is not the same, after CreateCompatibleDC
                                        
                                        	// Select the bitmap into the in-memory DC
                                        	CBitmap\* pOldBitmap = dcMemory.SelectObject(&bmp);
                                        
                                        	pDC->StretchBlt(x, y, bmpInfo.bmWidth, bmpInfo.bmHeight, &dcMemory,0, 0, bmpInfo.bmWidth, -bmpInfo.bmHeight, SRCCOPY); // note the negative height of the bitmap
                                        
                                        	dcMemory.SelectObject(pOldBitmap);
                                        }
                                        

                                        }

                                        To make things more explicit, I would move the SetMapMode call out of drawEmptyBoard.

                                        "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

                                        B Offline
                                        B Offline
                                        BigSteve O
                                        wrote on last edited by
                                        #30

                                        Thank you so much for your suggestions. It is much appreciated! I am going to try it soon.

                                        CPalliniC 1 Reply Last reply
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                                        • B BigSteve O

                                          Thank you so much for your suggestions. It is much appreciated! I am going to try it soon.

                                          CPalliniC Offline
                                          CPalliniC Offline
                                          CPallini
                                          wrote on last edited by
                                          #31

                                          You are welcome.

                                          "In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?" -- Rigoletto

                                          In testa che avete, signor di Ceprano?

                                          1 Reply Last reply
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