Just to add a little to the previous post: There is a minor performance improvement for all programs in terms of function calls. The calling conventions have been optimised for speed, by passing the first few arguments via the CPU registries. However, this increase is only seen if your application uses a lot of function calls. Mostly, the compiler tries to avoid them in the first place, such as using inlining. Also, if you make lots of API calls then you should see a small increase, as the WoW64 subsystem is taken out between the application and the Windows kernel (which does the conversion to the new calling convention for the 32 bits applications). But, mostly, 64 bits is for the increase in address space, the most noticeable example being that you can use more than 4 GiB of RAM in your system.