A book called VB.NET Hacks & Pranks by Alexander Klimov explains sine waves pretty well. I do not know how to explain what he has wrote very well though. Sorry. This may or may not help, but this is a formula for the section on sine waves: ptf(i).Y=CSng((cy/2)*(1-Math.Sin(i*cW*Math.PI/(cx-1)))) Regards, 1tg46 Check out 3D Game Development with Dark Basic Professional [^]programming.