Ok, so the only case you are looking at is creating a socket to use as a client that you can use send() on. Although i haven't tried it, you may want to try creating the socket, don't bind it, and then use sento() as the first send, as this performs an implicit bind on the socket. After that you should be able to use send(). I would assume that the implicit bind() would bind to an address that allows a connection to the specified node/port i.e. is 'live'. ...cmk Rosencrantz: I don't believe in it anyway. Guildenstern: What Rosencrantz: England Guildenstern: Just a conspiracy of cartographers then. Save the whales - collect the whole set