In both cases, the parent or owner has been set as the parent of a control (e.g. SetParent(), or by specifying in the parent parameter of a Create() call). The difference is that if the control was created with the WS_CHILD style, then the outer window is a PARENT. If it was created without this style, it is only an OWNER. For a parent window, when the parent is minimized all child controls are hidden. For an owner only, 'owned' windows remain in place and can be minimized separately. Note that only 'windows' can be owned - 'controls' *must* have a parent and are therefore created with WS_CHILD. (GetParentOwner() will find the nearest window that is *either* a parent or an owner, but not a child - the others will keep walking up the chain until they find specifically one or the other.)