You'll find many answers if you research exception handling for various OOP languages. One language should be enough for diverse material, except perhaps that type safe languages may somewhat de-emphasize type mismatch errors. Research error codes and the built-in exception types (yes, exceptions are actually types in OOP) of mainstream languages such as C++ and C#.

Sorry, answer is too broad for a forum post. "Real programmers just throw a bunch of 1s and 0s at the computer to see what sticks" - Pete O'Hanlon

Have you googled what Dr. Watson does? "Real programmers just throw a bunch of 1s and 0s at the computer to see what sticks" - Pete O'Hanlon