Some help on interpreting this makefile for linux...
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Hello all, I got the following makefile for the GD Library (http://www.fred.net/brv/chart/gdchart0.94b.tar.gz[^] : GDC_INCL = . GD_INCL = gd1.3 GD_LIB = gd1.3 CC=gcc all: gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp # compile the samples gdc_samp1: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp1 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp1.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp1.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp1.c gdc_samp2: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp2 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp2.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp2.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp2.c gdc_pie_samp: gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_pie_samp gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_pie_samp.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie_samp.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie_samp.c # --- compile the lib --- price_conv.o: price_conv.c $(CC) -c price_conv.c gdc.o: gdc.c gdc.h $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc.c gdc_pie.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie.c gdchart.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdchart.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdchart.c $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a: cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile libgd.a # --- clean --- clean: rm -f *.o gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile clean My problem is : 1. How did the make file compile and link the gdc_samp1.c file ? Really appreciated if anyone could have some answers ...I am a BIG NOOB in linkers... Thanks, Leslie
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Hello all, I got the following makefile for the GD Library (http://www.fred.net/brv/chart/gdchart0.94b.tar.gz[^] : GDC_INCL = . GD_INCL = gd1.3 GD_LIB = gd1.3 CC=gcc all: gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp # compile the samples gdc_samp1: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp1 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp1.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp1.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp1.c gdc_samp2: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp2 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp2.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp2.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp2.c gdc_pie_samp: gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_pie_samp gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_pie_samp.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie_samp.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie_samp.c # --- compile the lib --- price_conv.o: price_conv.c $(CC) -c price_conv.c gdc.o: gdc.c gdc.h $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc.c gdc_pie.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie.c gdchart.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdchart.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdchart.c $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a: cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile libgd.a # --- clean --- clean: rm -f *.o gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile clean My problem is : 1. How did the make file compile and link the gdc_samp1.c file ? Really appreciated if anyone could have some answers ...I am a BIG NOOB in linkers... Thanks, Leslie
It follows the rules from
all->gdc_samp1->gdc_samp1.o->gdc_samp1.c. Just follow target dependencies to their associated targets, then follow those dependencies to their targets, until you get dependencies which have no corresponding target, at which point, either a) the file must exist, or b) there must be an implicit rule that knows how to make that file from some other file. Quite simple really. Here's a useful intro to Makefiles[^].Java, Basic, who cares - it's all a bunch of tree-hugging hippy cr*p
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Hello all, I got the following makefile for the GD Library (http://www.fred.net/brv/chart/gdchart0.94b.tar.gz[^] : GDC_INCL = . GD_INCL = gd1.3 GD_LIB = gd1.3 CC=gcc all: gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp # compile the samples gdc_samp1: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp1 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp1.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp1.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp1.c gdc_samp2: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp2 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp2.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp2.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp2.c gdc_pie_samp: gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_pie_samp gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_pie_samp.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie_samp.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie_samp.c # --- compile the lib --- price_conv.o: price_conv.c $(CC) -c price_conv.c gdc.o: gdc.c gdc.h $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc.c gdc_pie.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie.c gdchart.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdchart.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdchart.c $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a: cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile libgd.a # --- clean --- clean: rm -f *.o gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile clean My problem is : 1. How did the make file compile and link the gdc_samp1.c file ? Really appreciated if anyone could have some answers ...I am a BIG NOOB in linkers... Thanks, Leslie
Your question has little to do with linkers. Make files follow a fairly simple syntax: build_target1: dependency1.o dependency2.o build_target2 ....etc. commands to build the build target build_target2: command(s) needed to build this build target. So, looking at your make file: # compile the samples gdc_samp1: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp1 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm The build target "gdc_samp1:" is what defines all that is needed to make the gdc_samp1. So, make converts the line: $(CC) -o gdc_samp1 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm to: gcc -o gdc_samp1 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm For more info on make files: Clickety[^] Hope this helps
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Hello all, I got the following makefile for the GD Library (http://www.fred.net/brv/chart/gdchart0.94b.tar.gz[^] : GDC_INCL = . GD_INCL = gd1.3 GD_LIB = gd1.3 CC=gcc all: gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp # compile the samples gdc_samp1: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp1 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp1.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp1.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp1.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp1.c gdc_samp2: gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_samp2 gdc.o gdchart.o price_conv.o gdc_samp2.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_samp2.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdc_samp2.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_samp2.c gdc_pie_samp: gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a $(CC) -o gdc_pie_samp gdc.o gdc_pie.o price_conv.o gdc_pie_samp.o -L$(GD_LIB) -lgd -lm gdc_pie_samp.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie_samp.c $(CC) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie_samp.c # --- compile the lib --- price_conv.o: price_conv.c $(CC) -c price_conv.c gdc.o: gdc.c gdc.h $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc.c gdc_pie.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdcpie.h gdc_pie.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdc_pie.c gdchart.o: $(GDC_INCL)/gdc.h $(GDC_INCL)/gdchart.h gdchart.c $(CC) -I$(GD_INCL) -I$(GDC_INCL) -c gdchart.c $(GD_LIB)/libgd.a: cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile libgd.a # --- clean --- clean: rm -f *.o gdc_samp1 gdc_samp2 gdc_pie_samp cd $(GD_LIB) ; make -f Makefile clean My problem is : 1. How did the make file compile and link the gdc_samp1.c file ? Really appreciated if anyone could have some answers ...I am a BIG NOOB in linkers... Thanks, Leslie
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