Skip to content
  • Categories
  • Recent
  • Tags
  • Popular
  • World
  • Users
  • Groups
Skins
  • Light
  • Cerulean
  • Cosmo
  • Flatly
  • Journal
  • Litera
  • Lumen
  • Lux
  • Materia
  • Minty
  • Morph
  • Pulse
  • Sandstone
  • Simplex
  • Sketchy
  • Spacelab
  • United
  • Yeti
  • Zephyr
  • Dark
  • Cyborg
  • Darkly
  • Quartz
  • Slate
  • Solar
  • Superhero
  • Vapor

  • Default (No Skin)
  • No Skin
Collapse
Code Project
  1. Home
  2. The Lounge
  3. Uncle Bob nails it again

Uncle Bob nails it again

Scheduled Pinned Locked Moved The Lounge
htmlcom
46 Posts 23 Posters 0 Views 1 Watching
  • Oldest to Newest
  • Newest to Oldest
  • Most Votes
Reply
  • Reply as topic
Log in to reply
This topic has been deleted. Only users with topic management privileges can see it.
  • M Mark_Wallace

    It's been true for years. The only places where there can be gain are in applications and in libraries/frameworks for handling new requirements (e.g. for working with 3D moving images, and the like, when the technology for displaying it becomes available). I've hardly ever seen new languages as increments in technology. Whenever they've contained something new, it could invariably have been added to an existing language at much less cost (of time and effort in learning to use it). OO? Sure, it works, but I was coding objects in COBOL more than 30 years ago, without having to change anything about the language. I was ordered to read Booch, so that we could migrate -- at Huge expense -- to some new language (I don't even remember which one, now, but it wasn't SmallTalk or Pascal), and the entire book got no more than a "meh" out of me. So I knocked up a presentation to show how we'd already been doing it for years, but without having given it a mysterious aura, and showed the costs of the two learning curves involved (one curve for ripping out what we were using and learning everything from scratch, and the other for memorising a handful of different names for the structures and processes we were already using). Linear, object, functional, kabibbifuffle -- they're all just ways to massage the ones and zeroes; they can all do it all. An improved IDE is worth a hundred times more than any new language, as is any library/framework that reduces the level of detail that you have to delve into.

    I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!

    J Offline
    J Offline
    Jeremy Falcon
    wrote on last edited by
    #14

    Mark_Wallace wrote:

    OO? Sure, it works, but I was coding objects in COBOL more than 30 years ago, without having to change anything about the language.

    This is the voice of experience speaking. I remember thinking something similar for my C projects. Took me a while to jump unto the OOP bandwagon being so awesome it cures cancer. Just like it's gonna take people a while these days to jump onto the next thing. Change is slow.

    Mark_Wallace wrote:

    An improved IDE is worth a hundred times more than any new language, as is any library/framework that reduces the level of detail that you have to delve into.

    Agreed. Although, having gotten used to some newer languages (in web dev at least) it's rough to go back.

    Jeremy Falcon

    M A 2 Replies Last reply
    0
    • Kornfeld Eliyahu PeterK Kornfeld Eliyahu Peter

      The problem is not we have or have not, or how much the progress is...The problem is that with far too many poorly educated 'professional' in lot of cases we sanctify the tool and not the solution...(A good solution is a good solution not matter what was the language/technology stack we used to create it) With that attitude we created a fashion-driven culture (just like with almost everything else)...We no morce choose toolkit based on knowledge only, but also how shiny it is...And when it comes to justify it (for instance to move from C to Go), we call it progress... For a most concrete example - I should take over a pro-bono project, developed using Angular as a SPA...I fill very bad about it, because that SPA contains over 200! actual pages tossed into one! file!!!

      Skipper: We'll fix it. Alex: Fix it? How you gonna fix this? Skipper: Grit, spit and a whole lotta duct tape.

      J Offline
      J Offline
      Jeremy Falcon
      wrote on last edited by
      #15

      To this I totally agree. Comparing it to fashion being very apropos... yay the shiny new button syndrome.

      Jeremy Falcon

      1 Reply Last reply
      0
      • J Jeremy Falcon

        Mark_Wallace wrote:

        OO? Sure, it works, but I was coding objects in COBOL more than 30 years ago, without having to change anything about the language.

        This is the voice of experience speaking. I remember thinking something similar for my C projects. Took me a while to jump unto the OOP bandwagon being so awesome it cures cancer. Just like it's gonna take people a while these days to jump onto the next thing. Change is slow.

        Mark_Wallace wrote:

        An improved IDE is worth a hundred times more than any new language, as is any library/framework that reduces the level of detail that you have to delve into.

        Agreed. Although, having gotten used to some newer languages (in web dev at least) it's rough to go back.

        Jeremy Falcon

        M Offline
        M Offline
        Mark_Wallace
        wrote on last edited by
        #16

        Jeremy Falcon wrote:

        Change is slow.

        There's the rub. Change that doesn't really change anything, but only adds a few shortcuts, isn't real change, so why bother? If the very same shortcuts can be added to just about any language, with a Lot less effort than getting everyone to learn the p!ssballing intricacies, foibles, and shortfalls of a new one, then you've saved enough to pay for everyone's Christmas bonus.

        Jeremy Falcon wrote:

        having gotten :mad: used to some newer languages (in web dev at least) it's rough to go back

        So use 'em! The language doesn't make a blind bit of difference to the user/customer/visitor, so twiddle with the ones and zeroes in the way that's most efficient for you!

        I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!

        J 1 Reply Last reply
        0
        • R raddevus

          CDP1802 wrote:

          Finally someone who says it. We are not making progress, we are going in circles mighty fast.

          The glass is half full...and there is a hole in the bottom. :laugh: :laugh: Here's a question-guess -- Do you work for a government somewhere? :laugh: :laugh: :laugh: It's only not funny, if you do. Umm...do you think we are better off than the people who read machine language zeros and ones? Maybe a bit. Are we any better off than the Assembly language programmers? Maybe another shade. I understand your meaning though. This is NOT the problem : Creating software that doesn't work. THe problem IS:

          creating software that works, but does the wrong thing.

          :-D

          My book, Launch Your Android App, is available at Amazon.com.

          L Offline
          L Offline
          Lost User
          wrote on last edited by
          #17

          raddevus wrote:

          ere's a question-guess -- Do you work for a government somewhere? :laugh: :laugh: :laugh:

          Done that, but that had little to do with programming. More with Mach 3.5

          raddevus wrote:

          Umm...do you think we are better off than the people who read machine language zeros and ones? Maybe a bit. Are we any better off than the Assembly language programmers? Maybe another shade. I understand your meaning though.

          Guess what I'm doing right at this moment? I'm writing good old assembly code. Visual Studio as code editor, antique subroutines I wrote many years ago, a simple makefile, an almost 40 year old debugger and an emulator for the elderly target computer. Much too comfortable. I should go over to the old computer and use the hex keyboard. :-)

          The language is JavaScript. that of Mordor, which I will not utter here
          This is Javascript. If you put big wheels and a racing stripe on a golf cart, it's still a fucking golf cart.
          "I don't know, extraterrestrial?" "You mean like from space?" "No, from Canada." If software development were a circus, we would all be the clowns.

          R J 2 Replies Last reply
          0
          • M Mark_Wallace

            Jeremy Falcon wrote:

            Change is slow.

            There's the rub. Change that doesn't really change anything, but only adds a few shortcuts, isn't real change, so why bother? If the very same shortcuts can be added to just about any language, with a Lot less effort than getting everyone to learn the p!ssballing intricacies, foibles, and shortfalls of a new one, then you've saved enough to pay for everyone's Christmas bonus.

            Jeremy Falcon wrote:

            having gotten :mad: used to some newer languages (in web dev at least) it's rough to go back

            So use 'em! The language doesn't make a blind bit of difference to the user/customer/visitor, so twiddle with the ones and zeroes in the way that's most efficient for you!

            I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!

            J Offline
            J Offline
            Jeremy Falcon
            wrote on last edited by
            #18

            Mark_Wallace wrote:

            Change that doesn't really change anything, but only adds a few shortcuts, isn't real change, so why bother? If the very same shortcuts can be added to just about any language, with a Lot less effort than getting everyone to learn the p!ssballing intricacies, foibles, and shortfalls of a new one, then you've saved enough to pay for everyone's Christmas bonus.

            I agree, which is what I was speaking about earlier in this thread. Not all change is warranted or justified, but there times when it is. Turning a blind eye to change is called growing old and not adapting to the current world. Living in yesterday. So, it doesn't mean it can be dismissed altogether.

            Mark_Wallace wrote:

            The language doesn't make a blind bit of difference to the user/customer/visitor, so twiddle with the ones and zeroes in the way that's most efficient for you!

            You're preaching to the choir. I agree. My point with this though is sometimes your environment changes, and for the better. Refusing to think there is another way that may be more beneficial is just a foolish as the new shiny button chasing. It's about balance. Sometimes things need to be questioned. Sometimes not. But then sometimes so.

            Jeremy Falcon

            M 1 Reply Last reply
            0
            • V Vark111

              raddevus wrote:

              Tell that to the surgeon who says, "Oops" while trying a new innovative procedure during your surgery.

              Well, that's a good point, and maybe what Uncle Bob is railing about - if you'll permit me to extend the metaphor - is the fact that far too many of us surgeons are trying out these new innovative techniques on live patients (live projects), and not spending enough time trying them out on pigs and sheep (Test/PoC projects)? That's a valid point of view, but it doesn't seem to come across in his post. His article seems more along the lines of "if existing tools don't support it, then don't even bother".

              R Offline
              R Offline
              raddevus
              wrote on last edited by
              #19

              Vark111 wrote:

              but it doesn't seem to come across in his post

              I definitely see your point of view. Great discussion. Thanks for adding to it. Your additional examples were really great.:thumbsup:

              My book, Launch Your Android App, is available at Amazon.com.

              1 Reply Last reply
              0
              • J Jeremy Falcon

                Well to that extent I agree. Personally, I still think C is a viable language for certain projects, and I'd never want to throw it away. But, C is also one of my favorite languages with a special place in my geek heart; so I'm already biased towards it. I have no desire to use COBOL, even though I'm sure decades ago the same thing was said of COBOL as we're saying about OOP right now. I'm sure it has its merits too and served a purpose as well an evolutionary step towards the next. Doesn't mean I'd use it today though. Not that I'm anti-OOP, can't be in this day in age. Guess it's all about balance. Don't change for change's sake, but change for something that's genuinely better. Unfortunately, that's not always the case and some folks get caught up in the hoopla of new buzzwords and changing because it's cool - not necessarily prudent. So, I totally get it, but not to the extent we become a dinosaur and thus the next generation of COBOL guys who aren't relevant anymore.

                Jeremy Falcon

                R Offline
                R Offline
                raddevus
                wrote on last edited by
                #20

                Great discussion and I agree with what you are saying. I really love C too and have been writing embedded AVR-C for Atmel (ATMega328) chips just recently.

                Jeremy Falcon wrote:

                So, I totally get it, but not to the extent we become a dinosaur and thus the next generation of COBOL guys who aren't relevant anymore.

                Totally agree with this too. Some people hang on to the past just because they don't want to change. Balance is key. :thumbsup:

                My book, Launch Your Android App, is available at Amazon.com.

                J 1 Reply Last reply
                0
                • R raddevus

                  Great discussion and I agree with what you are saying. I really love C too and have been writing embedded AVR-C for Atmel (ATMega328) chips just recently.

                  Jeremy Falcon wrote:

                  So, I totally get it, but not to the extent we become a dinosaur and thus the next generation of COBOL guys who aren't relevant anymore.

                  Totally agree with this too. Some people hang on to the past just because they don't want to change. Balance is key. :thumbsup:

                  My book, Launch Your Android App, is available at Amazon.com.

                  J Offline
                  J Offline
                  Jeremy Falcon
                  wrote on last edited by
                  #21

                  :thumbsup:

                  Jeremy Falcon

                  1 Reply Last reply
                  0
                  • L Lost User

                    raddevus wrote:

                    ere's a question-guess -- Do you work for a government somewhere? :laugh: :laugh: :laugh:

                    Done that, but that had little to do with programming. More with Mach 3.5

                    raddevus wrote:

                    Umm...do you think we are better off than the people who read machine language zeros and ones? Maybe a bit. Are we any better off than the Assembly language programmers? Maybe another shade. I understand your meaning though.

                    Guess what I'm doing right at this moment? I'm writing good old assembly code. Visual Studio as code editor, antique subroutines I wrote many years ago, a simple makefile, an almost 40 year old debugger and an emulator for the elderly target computer. Much too comfortable. I should go over to the old computer and use the hex keyboard. :-)

                    The language is JavaScript. that of Mordor, which I will not utter here
                    This is Javascript. If you put big wheels and a racing stripe on a golf cart, it's still a fucking golf cart.
                    "I don't know, extraterrestrial?" "You mean like from space?" "No, from Canada." If software development were a circus, we would all be the clowns.

                    R Offline
                    R Offline
                    raddevus
                    wrote on last edited by
                    #22

                    CDP1802 wrote:

                    Guess what I'm doing right at this moment? I'm writing good old assembly code

                    That really is very cool. I'm writing AVR-C (on the GNU C Toolchain) for embedded development myself. When it's compiled down to the hex file I often go and look at the straight hex, because I am weird. :D Im finishing my article for codeproject which uses an ATMega328, bluetooth and a relay module and it has straight C code in it for the embedded. Lots of fun. Edit The article is posted to CP: Never Buy A Garage Door Remote Again: Open Your Door With Your Android Phone (via Bluetooth)[^]

                    My book, Launch Your Android App, is available at Amazon.com.

                    L S 2 Replies Last reply
                    0
                    • D Duncan Edwards Jones

                      The Churn[^] - why the shiny and new isn't always better than the established and battle hardened.

                      R Offline
                      R Offline
                      Ryan Peden
                      wrote on last edited by
                      #23

                      I think that it happens mostly because it's more fun to gripe about languages and tools than it is to really understand your users and create what they need. Also, to steal a line from Battlestar Galactica: all of this has happened before, and all of it will happen again. I used to hate waiting for Maven to download half the internet when first firing up a semi-complex Java on a new machine. So I'd go and gripe about how Java sucks, Maven sucks, and JS is awesome because I can write code that just works without needing a billion dependencies. Now, if I clone a semi-complex React or Angular project and run 'npm install', I have to wait for NPM to download half the internet before I can do anything.

                      1 Reply Last reply
                      0
                      • R raddevus

                        CDP1802 wrote:

                        Guess what I'm doing right at this moment? I'm writing good old assembly code

                        That really is very cool. I'm writing AVR-C (on the GNU C Toolchain) for embedded development myself. When it's compiled down to the hex file I often go and look at the straight hex, because I am weird. :D Im finishing my article for codeproject which uses an ATMega328, bluetooth and a relay module and it has straight C code in it for the embedded. Lots of fun. Edit The article is posted to CP: Never Buy A Garage Door Remote Again: Open Your Door With Your Android Phone (via Bluetooth)[^]

                        My book, Launch Your Android App, is available at Amazon.com.

                        L Offline
                        L Offline
                        Lost User
                        wrote on last edited by
                        #24

                        Have some random code from the listing after assembling the sources, then:

                        48D : EC DSP_ShiftExit: SEX RC ; store the shifted bytes in the video buffer
                        48E : 8B GLO RB
                        48F : F3 XOR
                        490 : 5C STR RC
                        491 : 1C INC RC
                        492 : 9B GHI RB
                        493 : F3 XOR
                        494 : 5C STR RC
                        495 : E2 SEX R2
                        496 : 8C GLO RC ; advance the video buffer pointer
                        497 : FC 07 ADI 07H
                        499 : AC PLO RC
                        49A : 9C GHI RC
                        49B : 7C 00 ADCI 00H
                        49D : BC PHI RC
                        49E : 30 6E BR DSP_ByteLoop
                        4A0 : 12 DSP_Exit INC R2
                        4A1 : D5 SEP R5

                        This kind of stuff never changes. Such old computers are very much like the modern microcontroller kits. Everything comes back sooner or later and it's actually quite important to learn what you can do with a few bytes of machine code, un restricted by conventions, operating systems or standards.

                        The language is JavaScript. that of Mordor, which I will not utter here
                        This is Javascript. If you put big wheels and a racing stripe on a golf cart, it's still a fucking golf cart.
                        "I don't know, extraterrestrial?" "You mean like from space?" "No, from Canada." If software development were a circus, we would all be the clowns.

                        1 Reply Last reply
                        0
                        • J Jeremy Falcon

                          Mark_Wallace wrote:

                          Change that doesn't really change anything, but only adds a few shortcuts, isn't real change, so why bother? If the very same shortcuts can be added to just about any language, with a Lot less effort than getting everyone to learn the p!ssballing intricacies, foibles, and shortfalls of a new one, then you've saved enough to pay for everyone's Christmas bonus.

                          I agree, which is what I was speaking about earlier in this thread. Not all change is warranted or justified, but there times when it is. Turning a blind eye to change is called growing old and not adapting to the current world. Living in yesterday. So, it doesn't mean it can be dismissed altogether.

                          Mark_Wallace wrote:

                          The language doesn't make a blind bit of difference to the user/customer/visitor, so twiddle with the ones and zeroes in the way that's most efficient for you!

                          You're preaching to the choir. I agree. My point with this though is sometimes your environment changes, and for the better. Refusing to think there is another way that may be more beneficial is just a foolish as the new shiny button chasing. It's about balance. Sometimes things need to be questioned. Sometimes not. But then sometimes so.

                          Jeremy Falcon

                          M Offline
                          M Offline
                          Mark_Wallace
                          wrote on last edited by
                          #25

                          Jeremy Falcon wrote:

                          growing old

                          Hey! I just had my 17th birthday, a few days ago*! * Who the Hell wants to be an adult?

                          I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!

                          J J 2 Replies Last reply
                          0
                          • M Mark_Wallace

                            Jeremy Falcon wrote:

                            growing old

                            Hey! I just had my 17th birthday, a few days ago*! * Who the Hell wants to be an adult?

                            I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!

                            J Offline
                            J Offline
                            Jeremy Falcon
                            wrote on last edited by
                            #26

                            Mark_Wallace wrote:

                            Hey! I just had my 17th birthday, a few days ago*!

                            Oh wow, well happy birthday man.

                            Mark_Wallace wrote:

                            Who the Hell wants to be an adult?

                            It comes in handy when you want to buy alcohol, and you learn stuff. Wisdom and all that. Only downside is you die.

                            Jeremy Falcon

                            M 1 Reply Last reply
                            0
                            • Kornfeld Eliyahu PeterK Kornfeld Eliyahu Peter

                              The problem is not we have or have not, or how much the progress is...The problem is that with far too many poorly educated 'professional' in lot of cases we sanctify the tool and not the solution...(A good solution is a good solution not matter what was the language/technology stack we used to create it) With that attitude we created a fashion-driven culture (just like with almost everything else)...We no morce choose toolkit based on knowledge only, but also how shiny it is...And when it comes to justify it (for instance to move from C to Go), we call it progress... For a most concrete example - I should take over a pro-bono project, developed using Angular as a SPA...I fill very bad about it, because that SPA contains over 200! actual pages tossed into one! file!!!

                              Skipper: We'll fix it. Alex: Fix it? How you gonna fix this? Skipper: Grit, spit and a whole lotta duct tape.

                              F Offline
                              F Offline
                              Foothill
                              wrote on last edited by
                              #27

                              Kornfeld Eliyahu Peter wrote:

                              A good solution is a good solution not matter what was the language/technology stack we used to create it

                              That's true. No matter what language you used to compile a program, it's still just small voltage variations being clocked through logic circuits in the end.

                              if (Object.DividedByZero == true) { Universe.Implode(); } Meus ratio ex fortis machina. Simplicitatis de formae ac munus. -Foothill, 2016

                              1 Reply Last reply
                              0
                              • J Jeremy Falcon

                                Mark_Wallace wrote:

                                Hey! I just had my 17th birthday, a few days ago*!

                                Oh wow, well happy birthday man.

                                Mark_Wallace wrote:

                                Who the Hell wants to be an adult?

                                It comes in handy when you want to buy alcohol, and you learn stuff. Wisdom and all that. Only downside is you die.

                                Jeremy Falcon

                                M Offline
                                M Offline
                                Mark_Wallace
                                wrote on last edited by
                                #28

                                Jeremy Falcon wrote:

                                It comes in handy when you want to buy alcohol

                                Luckily, I'm 17 that looks like 57, so I can get away with it. The fact that calendars say I'm actually 57 is bollocks. I don't live by Gregorian calendar rules; they're way to old to take seriously.

                                I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!

                                J 1 Reply Last reply
                                0
                                • M Mark_Wallace

                                  Jeremy Falcon wrote:

                                  It comes in handy when you want to buy alcohol

                                  Luckily, I'm 17 that looks like 57, so I can get away with it. The fact that calendars say I'm actually 57 is bollocks. I don't live by Gregorian calendar rules; they're way to old to take seriously.

                                  I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!

                                  J Offline
                                  J Offline
                                  Jeremy Falcon
                                  wrote on last edited by
                                  #29

                                  Ah I see, well in leap years, you're like what 14? Getting younger every day.

                                  Jeremy Falcon

                                  1 Reply Last reply
                                  0
                                  • V Vark111

                                    I usually agree with Uncle Bob, and I understand his over-arching point here, but this article (especially the closing bit) sounds suspiciously like "let's just stop all the new stuff". And that doesn't sit well with me. The day you give up trying to innovate is the day you become a fossil. Regardless if you're successful or not, the attempt is often far more important than the result.

                                    J Offline
                                    J Offline
                                    jesarg
                                    wrote on last edited by
                                    #30

                                    Uncle Bob emphasizes how much we lose by continually changing frameworks, languages, libraries, etc. When we keep the same language, framework, and libraries for a longer period of time, we get better IDE's that handle them, better documentation that describes them, better stability and robustness (and maybe even better new libraries that work with them). We should only change when the benefits of the change are high compared to the costs of the change. We're in a time period now when the benefits are low and the costs are high.

                                    1 Reply Last reply
                                    0
                                    • D Duncan Edwards Jones

                                      The Churn[^] - why the shiny and new isn't always better than the established and battle hardened.

                                      M Offline
                                      M Offline
                                      Marc Clifton
                                      wrote on last edited by
                                      #31

                                      > Every year. though we apply massive effort, we make less progress than the year before; because every year we get closer and closer to the asymptote. No, every year we get new newbie asses. ;) Marc

                                      Imperative to Functional Programming Succinctly Contributors Wanted for Higher Order Programming Project! Learning to code with python is like learning to swim with those little arm floaties. It gives you undeserved confidence and will eventually drown you. - DangerBunny

                                      1 Reply Last reply
                                      0
                                      • J Jeremy Falcon

                                        I agree. He sounds old and resistant to change. I'm sure if he was coding before OOP came around he'd be saying the same thing about OOP being a waste of time.

                                        Jeremy Falcon

                                        R Offline
                                        R Offline
                                        Ri_
                                        wrote on last edited by
                                        #32

                                        LOL, I suspect Uncle Bob is one of the people who came up with the Agile Manifesto. I know he's a huge fan of Agile and all things TDD. Resistant to change...? :rolleyes: Back in the 60s and 70s when programming became a thing, there was some scientific rigour behind it. It came about at Universities, business labs and places of learning. Nowadays anyone with a computer connection can become a "programmer". Hell, I did! :laugh: But the mantra nowadays seems to be "give me a way to do it faster and without so much hassle" (i.e. so I don't have to fix so many bugs). No one makes an effort to learn to program properly anymore, so they just keep sticking language and framework bandaids over the problems. So yes, churn.

                                        M J 2 Replies Last reply
                                        0
                                        • R Ri_

                                          LOL, I suspect Uncle Bob is one of the people who came up with the Agile Manifesto. I know he's a huge fan of Agile and all things TDD. Resistant to change...? :rolleyes: Back in the 60s and 70s when programming became a thing, there was some scientific rigour behind it. It came about at Universities, business labs and places of learning. Nowadays anyone with a computer connection can become a "programmer". Hell, I did! :laugh: But the mantra nowadays seems to be "give me a way to do it faster and without so much hassle" (i.e. so I don't have to fix so many bugs). No one makes an effort to learn to program properly anymore, so they just keep sticking language and framework bandaids over the problems. So yes, churn.

                                          M Offline
                                          M Offline
                                          Matthew Trout
                                          wrote on last edited by
                                          #33

                                          He absolutely did.

                                          1 Reply Last reply
                                          0
                                          Reply
                                          • Reply as topic
                                          Log in to reply
                                          • Oldest to Newest
                                          • Newest to Oldest
                                          • Most Votes


                                          • Login

                                          • Don't have an account? Register

                                          • Login or register to search.
                                          • First post
                                            Last post
                                          0
                                          • Categories
                                          • Recent
                                          • Tags
                                          • Popular
                                          • World
                                          • Users
                                          • Groups