Skip to content
  • Categories
  • Recent
  • Tags
  • Popular
  • World
  • Users
  • Groups
Skins
  • Light
  • Cerulean
  • Cosmo
  • Flatly
  • Journal
  • Litera
  • Lumen
  • Lux
  • Materia
  • Minty
  • Morph
  • Pulse
  • Sandstone
  • Simplex
  • Sketchy
  • Spacelab
  • United
  • Yeti
  • Zephyr
  • Dark
  • Cyborg
  • Darkly
  • Quartz
  • Slate
  • Solar
  • Superhero
  • Vapor

  • Default (No Skin)
  • No Skin
Collapse
Code Project
  1. Home
  2. Other Discussions
  3. The Soapbox
  4. What is the position of the presidential candidates on H-1B visas ?

What is the position of the presidential candidates on H-1B visas ?

Scheduled Pinned Locked Moved The Soapbox
questionhtmlcsscombusiness
63 Posts 14 Posters 0 Views 1 Watching
  • Oldest to Newest
  • Newest to Oldest
  • Most Votes
Reply
  • Reply as topic
Log in to reply
This topic has been deleted. Only users with topic management privileges can see it.
  • J jlongo

    In 2014, the U.S. approved more than 370,000 H-1B applications. The flood of cheap foreign workers is killing compensation for software developers. In the DC region, I am seeing rates from the early 90's. In the 90's, rates were easily $40-80/hr. I think it is worse in the Seattle area. If we have a tech worker shortage, why are we at $40-80/hr 25 years later ? I want to know which candidate will shut this down ?

    ...thanks primarily to the ability to pay their imported workers on H-1B visas between 30 percent and 50 percent less than the prevailing American wage rate for that job.

    ...it's no surprise to discover that politics and business are familiar bedfellows, ...the list of the top 10 companies who apply for H-1B visas. In 2014, while six were Indian ... the rest were all American. Deloitte, IBM, Accenture, and Microsoft made up the remainder of the top 10, while Ernst & Young and Google sneaked into 11th and 12th places

    Southern California Edison IT workers 'beyond furious' over H-1B replacements Pink Slips at Disney. But First, Training Foreign Replacements ... For you South Park fans: "They took our jobs! They took der jerbs!! Durka durr!!"

    Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes form bad judgment.

    D Offline
    D Offline
    den2k88
    wrote on last edited by
    #3

    I tell you, for 40$/h I'd sell my hometown to the Demons... Here the MAXIMUM non-political wage is about 40$/hour. As in after 20 years of carreer.

    GCS d--- s-/++ a- C++++ U+++ P- L- E-- W++ N++ o+ K- w+++ O? M-- V? PS+ PE- Y+ PGP t++ 5? X R++ tv-- b+ DI+++ D++ G e++>+++ h--- ++>+++ y+++*      Weapons extension: ma- k++ F+2 X If you think 'goto' is evil, try writing an Assembly program without JMP. -- TNCaver When I was six, there were no ones and zeroes - only zeroes. And not all of them worked. -- Ravi Bhavnani

    1 Reply Last reply
    0
    • R realJSOP

      This belongs in the soapbox. For the record, though, this H1B replacement happened to ClearChannel developers as well.

      ".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
      -----
      You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
      -----
      When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013

      N Offline
      N Offline
      Nish Nishant
      wrote on last edited by
      #4

      Companies like Microsoft and Google actually use this Visa in the spirit of the law. Example, Microsoft filed for 4575 H-1B Visas in 2016 at an average salary of $122,641 (not including bonuses / perks). Google filed 4048 at $127,898. Apple had 1514 applications averaging a salary of $136,876. Facebook's average salary was $140,578. These are very good salaries, specially when you consider that most of these workers are in their mid-20s and so starting at an intermediate role. The Indian outsourcing companies pay way lower wages though. Infosys filed for 33,289 Visas at an average pay of $79,201. Tata had 16,553 apps at $69,648. IBM filed 13,600 at $83,248. Obviously those salaries still look good on paper, and are way above average wages for the typical American, just below-par for IT workers. Typically, most H-1B workers have spouses who are also technology graduates, so most of them get their own H-1bs that same year or the following year. Even at a relatively poor salary of 70K an year, that's still a household income of $140K which puts them in a very top bracket (in the country). Also consider that a vast majority file for permanent residency and eventually naturalize and become Americans (process can take 10-12 years though). Source : Top 100 H1B Visa Sponsors -2016 H1B Visa Report | MyVisaJobs.com[^]

      Regards, Nish


      Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

      R J N 3 Replies Last reply
      0
      • J jlongo

        In 2014, the U.S. approved more than 370,000 H-1B applications. The flood of cheap foreign workers is killing compensation for software developers. In the DC region, I am seeing rates from the early 90's. In the 90's, rates were easily $40-80/hr. I think it is worse in the Seattle area. If we have a tech worker shortage, why are we at $40-80/hr 25 years later ? I want to know which candidate will shut this down ?

        ...thanks primarily to the ability to pay their imported workers on H-1B visas between 30 percent and 50 percent less than the prevailing American wage rate for that job.

        ...it's no surprise to discover that politics and business are familiar bedfellows, ...the list of the top 10 companies who apply for H-1B visas. In 2014, while six were Indian ... the rest were all American. Deloitte, IBM, Accenture, and Microsoft made up the remainder of the top 10, while Ernst & Young and Google sneaked into 11th and 12th places

        Southern California Edison IT workers 'beyond furious' over H-1B replacements Pink Slips at Disney. But First, Training Foreign Replacements ... For you South Park fans: "They took our jobs! They took der jerbs!! Durka durr!!"

        Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes form bad judgment.

        W Offline
        W Offline
        W Balboos GHB
        wrote on last edited by
        #5

        Even back in my days as a chemist these H-1B visas were a disgrace. Positions would be offered with very specific qualifications (which should force the pay way up) and then they'd low-ball the pay. Since no US citizen would take the job (basically more because the criteria were so carefully designed) they could then hire the low-wage flunky they had waiting offshore in the wings.

        Ravings en masse^

        "The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits." - Albert Einstein

        "If you are searching for perfection in others, then you seek disappointment. If you are seek perfection in yourself, then you will find failure." - Balboos HaGadol Mar 2010

        J 1 Reply Last reply
        0
        • J jlongo

          In 2014, the U.S. approved more than 370,000 H-1B applications. The flood of cheap foreign workers is killing compensation for software developers. In the DC region, I am seeing rates from the early 90's. In the 90's, rates were easily $40-80/hr. I think it is worse in the Seattle area. If we have a tech worker shortage, why are we at $40-80/hr 25 years later ? I want to know which candidate will shut this down ?

          ...thanks primarily to the ability to pay their imported workers on H-1B visas between 30 percent and 50 percent less than the prevailing American wage rate for that job.

          ...it's no surprise to discover that politics and business are familiar bedfellows, ...the list of the top 10 companies who apply for H-1B visas. In 2014, while six were Indian ... the rest were all American. Deloitte, IBM, Accenture, and Microsoft made up the remainder of the top 10, while Ernst & Young and Google sneaked into 11th and 12th places

          Southern California Edison IT workers 'beyond furious' over H-1B replacements Pink Slips at Disney. But First, Training Foreign Replacements ... For you South Park fans: "They took our jobs! They took der jerbs!! Durka durr!!"

          Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes form bad judgment.

          L Offline
          L Offline
          Lost User
          wrote on last edited by
          #6

          I don't know how expensive living there is, but my first impression is that you guys were overpaid to begin with. I'd be lucky to get half that here and it's not like the Netherlands is some cheap shithole.

          R N 2 Replies Last reply
          0
          • N Nish Nishant

            Companies like Microsoft and Google actually use this Visa in the spirit of the law. Example, Microsoft filed for 4575 H-1B Visas in 2016 at an average salary of $122,641 (not including bonuses / perks). Google filed 4048 at $127,898. Apple had 1514 applications averaging a salary of $136,876. Facebook's average salary was $140,578. These are very good salaries, specially when you consider that most of these workers are in their mid-20s and so starting at an intermediate role. The Indian outsourcing companies pay way lower wages though. Infosys filed for 33,289 Visas at an average pay of $79,201. Tata had 16,553 apps at $69,648. IBM filed 13,600 at $83,248. Obviously those salaries still look good on paper, and are way above average wages for the typical American, just below-par for IT workers. Typically, most H-1B workers have spouses who are also technology graduates, so most of them get their own H-1bs that same year or the following year. Even at a relatively poor salary of 70K an year, that's still a household income of $140K which puts them in a very top bracket (in the country). Also consider that a vast majority file for permanent residency and eventually naturalize and become Americans (process can take 10-12 years though). Source : Top 100 H1B Visa Sponsors -2016 H1B Visa Report | MyVisaJobs.com[^]

            Regards, Nish


            Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

            R Offline
            R Offline
            realJSOP
            wrote on last edited by
            #7

            The H1B programmers at ClearChannel replaced higher wage American programmers. Companies don't go through the H1B nutroll if there's no money in it. Simple truth - the companies you cited are not as magnanimous as you make them out to be.

            ".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
            -----
            You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
            -----
            When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013

            N 1 Reply Last reply
            0
            • L Lost User

              I don't know how expensive living there is, but my first impression is that you guys were overpaid to begin with. I'd be lucky to get half that here and it's not like the Netherlands is some cheap shithole.

              R Offline
              R Offline
              realJSOP
              wrote on last edited by
              #8

              At least we're not the ones marketing the EpiPen...

              ".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
              -----
              You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
              -----
              When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013

              1 Reply Last reply
              0
              • J jlongo

                In 2014, the U.S. approved more than 370,000 H-1B applications. The flood of cheap foreign workers is killing compensation for software developers. In the DC region, I am seeing rates from the early 90's. In the 90's, rates were easily $40-80/hr. I think it is worse in the Seattle area. If we have a tech worker shortage, why are we at $40-80/hr 25 years later ? I want to know which candidate will shut this down ?

                ...thanks primarily to the ability to pay their imported workers on H-1B visas between 30 percent and 50 percent less than the prevailing American wage rate for that job.

                ...it's no surprise to discover that politics and business are familiar bedfellows, ...the list of the top 10 companies who apply for H-1B visas. In 2014, while six were Indian ... the rest were all American. Deloitte, IBM, Accenture, and Microsoft made up the remainder of the top 10, while Ernst & Young and Google sneaked into 11th and 12th places

                Southern California Edison IT workers 'beyond furious' over H-1B replacements Pink Slips at Disney. But First, Training Foreign Replacements ... For you South Park fans: "They took our jobs! They took der jerbs!! Durka durr!!"

                Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes form bad judgment.

                H Offline
                H Offline
                H Brydon
                wrote on last edited by
                #9

                No matter the outcome, I don't really see this as a big deal for software developers. Software (especially that distributed on the internet) crosses boundaries pretty freely. There is not a lot of difference between software written in the US and sold in the US versus software written in India and sold in the US. It's not like a sandwich shop where the product needs to be made where it is consumed.

                I'm retired. There's a nap for that... - Harvey

                N J J 3 Replies Last reply
                0
                • R realJSOP

                  The H1B programmers at ClearChannel replaced higher wage American programmers. Companies don't go through the H1B nutroll if there's no money in it. Simple truth - the companies you cited are not as magnanimous as you make them out to be.

                  ".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
                  -----
                  You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
                  -----
                  When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013

                  N Offline
                  N Offline
                  Nish Nishant
                  wrote on last edited by
                  #10

                  ClearChannel has not filed for any H-1B Visas in 2016 (nor in 2015) - just looked them up. I wonder if they may perhaps have outsourced the work to a vendor company like Infosys or TCS.

                  Regards, Nish


                  Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                  R 1 Reply Last reply
                  0
                  • L Lost User

                    I don't know how expensive living there is, but my first impression is that you guys were overpaid to begin with. I'd be lucky to get half that here and it's not like the Netherlands is some cheap shithole.

                    N Offline
                    N Offline
                    Nish Nishant
                    wrote on last edited by
                    #11

                    There is some truth in that. In the 90s, even people with rudimentary HTML, Perl, and/or VB/ASP skills were making 130-150K salaries. They were experienced (many had 20+ years). But, at the end of the day, their skillset was not particularly unattainable, most decent programmers could get to their level in a few months time. Things would have been different if programming did not become so easy, and the IDEs so smart. If everyone had to write C/C++ and Assembler, and use command line compilers and tools, there'd be very few programmers who could even do their job at a minimal level, and that way they could have commanded doctor/surgeon-level salaries :-)

                    Regards, Nish


                    Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                    J 1 Reply Last reply
                    0
                    • H H Brydon

                      No matter the outcome, I don't really see this as a big deal for software developers. Software (especially that distributed on the internet) crosses boundaries pretty freely. There is not a lot of difference between software written in the US and sold in the US versus software written in India and sold in the US. It's not like a sandwich shop where the product needs to be made where it is consumed.

                      I'm retired. There's a nap for that... - Harvey

                      N Offline
                      N Offline
                      Nish Nishant
                      wrote on last edited by
                      #12

                      Yeah, it's an inevitable future reality that programmer salaries will normalize across the world. Even India's considered expensive these days and companies are trying other cheaper countries (from a cost of living angle).

                      Regards, Nish


                      Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                      J 1 Reply Last reply
                      0
                      • J jlongo

                        In 2014, the U.S. approved more than 370,000 H-1B applications. The flood of cheap foreign workers is killing compensation for software developers. In the DC region, I am seeing rates from the early 90's. In the 90's, rates were easily $40-80/hr. I think it is worse in the Seattle area. If we have a tech worker shortage, why are we at $40-80/hr 25 years later ? I want to know which candidate will shut this down ?

                        ...thanks primarily to the ability to pay their imported workers on H-1B visas between 30 percent and 50 percent less than the prevailing American wage rate for that job.

                        ...it's no surprise to discover that politics and business are familiar bedfellows, ...the list of the top 10 companies who apply for H-1B visas. In 2014, while six were Indian ... the rest were all American. Deloitte, IBM, Accenture, and Microsoft made up the remainder of the top 10, while Ernst & Young and Google sneaked into 11th and 12th places

                        Southern California Edison IT workers 'beyond furious' over H-1B replacements Pink Slips at Disney. But First, Training Foreign Replacements ... For you South Park fans: "They took our jobs! They took der jerbs!! Durka durr!!"

                        Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes form bad judgment.

                        Richard DeemingR Offline
                        Richard DeemingR Offline
                        Richard Deeming
                        wrote on last edited by
                        #13

                        Posting rules for The Lounge[^]

                        4. No politics (including enviro-politics[^]), no sex, no religion.

                        As JSOP said, posts like this belong in the Soapbox. EDIT: And as if by magic, the thread is now in the Soapbox. :)


                        "These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined." - Homer

                        "These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined" - Homer

                        OriginalGriffO L J 3 Replies Last reply
                        0
                        • N Nish Nishant

                          Yeah, it's an inevitable future reality that programmer salaries will normalize across the world. Even India's considered expensive these days and companies are trying other cheaper countries (from a cost of living angle).

                          Regards, Nish


                          Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                          J Offline
                          J Offline
                          jlongo
                          wrote on last edited by
                          #14

                          It does not have to be an inevitable future. Outsourcing companies tried to send the work overseas. It was a disaster due to distance and communications difficulties. Outsourcing efforts were abandoned and replaced with in-sourcing. We bring cheap labor in and keep them in the US solving the communications problem. This is a simple supply and demand issue. Econ-101. By swamping supply with a cheap commodity, you depress the price.

                          N 1 Reply Last reply
                          0
                          • N Nish Nishant

                            Companies like Microsoft and Google actually use this Visa in the spirit of the law. Example, Microsoft filed for 4575 H-1B Visas in 2016 at an average salary of $122,641 (not including bonuses / perks). Google filed 4048 at $127,898. Apple had 1514 applications averaging a salary of $136,876. Facebook's average salary was $140,578. These are very good salaries, specially when you consider that most of these workers are in their mid-20s and so starting at an intermediate role. The Indian outsourcing companies pay way lower wages though. Infosys filed for 33,289 Visas at an average pay of $79,201. Tata had 16,553 apps at $69,648. IBM filed 13,600 at $83,248. Obviously those salaries still look good on paper, and are way above average wages for the typical American, just below-par for IT workers. Typically, most H-1B workers have spouses who are also technology graduates, so most of them get their own H-1bs that same year or the following year. Even at a relatively poor salary of 70K an year, that's still a household income of $140K which puts them in a very top bracket (in the country). Also consider that a vast majority file for permanent residency and eventually naturalize and become Americans (process can take 10-12 years though). Source : Top 100 H1B Visa Sponsors -2016 H1B Visa Report | MyVisaJobs.com[^]

                            Regards, Nish


                            Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                            J Offline
                            J Offline
                            jlongo
                            wrote on last edited by
                            #15

                            I disagree. Accounting for benefits, $130K is about $80/hr - give or take. I made $80 and hour in 1996. If we had a tech shortage, Microsoft, Google, Facebook and the others would be paying higher salaries.

                            N 1 Reply Last reply
                            0
                            • N Nish Nishant

                              ClearChannel has not filed for any H-1B Visas in 2016 (nor in 2015) - just looked them up. I wonder if they may perhaps have outsourced the work to a vendor company like Infosys or TCS.

                              Regards, Nish


                              Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                              R Offline
                              R Offline
                              realJSOP
                              wrote on last edited by
                              #16

                              I quit there in 2013. There were an awful lot of Indian programmers moving in (I had to train my replacement). Same deal - cheap labor to replace Americans. They obviously had the local talent available, and actively chose to replace them with foreigners.

                              ".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
                              -----
                              You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
                              -----
                              When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013

                              N 1 Reply Last reply
                              0
                              • Richard DeemingR Richard Deeming

                                Posting rules for The Lounge[^]

                                4. No politics (including enviro-politics[^]), no sex, no religion.

                                As JSOP said, posts like this belong in the Soapbox. EDIT: And as if by magic, the thread is now in the Soapbox. :)


                                "These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined." - Homer

                                OriginalGriffO Offline
                                OriginalGriffO Offline
                                OriginalGriff
                                wrote on last edited by
                                #17

                                Richard Deeming wrote:

                                ... no sex ...

                                I'm fine here then. I'm married.

                                Bad command or file name. Bad, bad command! Sit! Stay! Staaaay...

                                "I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
                                "Common sense is so rare these days, it should be classified as a super power" - Random T-shirt

                                1 Reply Last reply
                                0
                                • Richard DeemingR Richard Deeming

                                  Posting rules for The Lounge[^]

                                  4. No politics (including enviro-politics[^]), no sex, no religion.

                                  As JSOP said, posts like this belong in the Soapbox. EDIT: And as if by magic, the thread is now in the Soapbox. :)


                                  "These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined." - Homer

                                  L Offline
                                  L Offline
                                  Lost User
                                  wrote on last edited by
                                  #18

                                  ...unless it's about Brexit. That's just fine. :rolleyes: ;P

                                  In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. ~ Ronald Reagan

                                  Richard DeemingR 1 Reply Last reply
                                  0
                                  • J jlongo

                                    I disagree. Accounting for benefits, $130K is about $80/hr - give or take. I made $80 and hour in 1996. If we had a tech shortage, Microsoft, Google, Facebook and the others would be paying higher salaries.

                                    N Offline
                                    N Offline
                                    Nish Nishant
                                    wrote on last edited by
                                    #19

                                    Well, these are not experienced-level salaries, given these guys are 25-26 at most when they get there. Also, some of the economics is not that simple. A company may have a certain budget for a position. Often, higher-ups won't just increase that budget just because you cannot get someone with the expected skills. Having done hiring at multiple companies in the past decade or so, I've always had trouble even getting good resumes. At work, we use an assignment-approach to filter out the good candidates, and it's an extremely small number of people who pass that filter.

                                    Regards, Nish


                                    Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                                    J 1 Reply Last reply
                                    0
                                    • W W Balboos GHB

                                      Even back in my days as a chemist these H-1B visas were a disgrace. Positions would be offered with very specific qualifications (which should force the pay way up) and then they'd low-ball the pay. Since no US citizen would take the job (basically more because the criteria were so carefully designed) they could then hire the low-wage flunky they had waiting offshore in the wings.

                                      Ravings en masse^

                                      "The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits." - Albert Einstein

                                      "If you are searching for perfection in others, then you seek disappointment. If you are seek perfection in yourself, then you will find failure." - Balboos HaGadol Mar 2010

                                      J Offline
                                      J Offline
                                      jlongo
                                      wrote on last edited by
                                      #20

                                      I remember that too. I was a chemist in the 80's. Just starting out in NJ. This guy who had actually immigrated from Egypt, used to complain about Indians coming in and keeping wages so low. I did not understand then - I was young and stupid. Later in as an IT worker, I met an H-1B who was making one-half the prevailing wage as an Oracle DBA. I asked why he worked so cheap. He explained, he could not look for a new job because the company held his visa. If he left the company, he had to leave the country. H-1B is another name for indentured-servitude.

                                      W 1 Reply Last reply
                                      0
                                      • R realJSOP

                                        I quit there in 2013. There were an awful lot of Indian programmers moving in (I had to train my replacement). Same deal - cheap labor to replace Americans. They obviously had the local talent available, and actively chose to replace them with foreigners.

                                        ".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
                                        -----
                                        You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
                                        -----
                                        When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013

                                        N Offline
                                        N Offline
                                        Nish Nishant
                                        wrote on last edited by
                                        #21

                                        Sounds like they were contractors. So they'd be employees of a company like Infosys and would work for your former company as contract developers.

                                        Regards, Nish


                                        Website: www.voidnish.com Blog: voidnish.wordpress.com

                                        R 1 Reply Last reply
                                        0
                                        • R realJSOP

                                          This belongs in the soapbox. For the record, though, this H1B replacement happened to ClearChannel developers as well.

                                          ".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
                                          -----
                                          You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
                                          -----
                                          When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013

                                          J Offline
                                          J Offline
                                          jlongo
                                          wrote on last edited by
                                          #22

                                          Please post a link to the Clear Channel story.

                                          T 1 Reply Last reply
                                          0
                                          Reply
                                          • Reply as topic
                                          Log in to reply
                                          • Oldest to Newest
                                          • Newest to Oldest
                                          • Most Votes


                                          • Login

                                          • Don't have an account? Register

                                          • Login or register to search.
                                          • First post
                                            Last post
                                          0
                                          • Categories
                                          • Recent
                                          • Tags
                                          • Popular
                                          • World
                                          • Users
                                          • Groups