Is main() a callback function?
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It called me back once, but it was drunk at the time.
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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I can't make up my mind.
Regards, Rob Philpott.
I figure every function is a callback function - it's just a matter of perspective. :-D
Real programmers use butterflies
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I can't make up my mind.
Regards, Rob Philpott.
It's an "entry point"; "Main" wasn't something that was part of a "response", other than "call static Main in class x".
It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it. ― Confucian Analects: Rules of Confucius about his food
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I can't make up my mind.
Regards, Rob Philpott.
If you take the view that your application is an interruption to a busy operating system's schedule, but it figures it should let you do your thing before you whine and get all bitchy about it, then yes, it is a callback function.
Software Zen:
delete this; -
I can't make up my mind.
Regards, Rob Philpott.
Are you asking if it's masculine or feminine? I've no idea, and I don't want to look, just in case.
I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!
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I was just reading this yesterday[^]
Quote:
All C++ programs must have a main function. If you try to compile a C++ .exe project without a main function, the compiler will raise an error. (Dynamic-link libraries and static libraries don't have a main function.) The main function is where your source code begins execution, but before a program enters the main function, all static class members without explicit initializers are set to zero. In Microsoft C++, global static objects are also initialized before entry to main. Several restrictions apply to the main function that do not apply to any other C++ functions. The main function: * Cannot be overloaded (see Function Overloading). * Cannot be declared as inline. * Cannot be declared as static. * Cannot have its address taken. * Cannot be called.
But, maybe you are thinking it is a callback from the OS? Or maybe you're just asking a rhetorical question? :)
raddevus wrote:
* Cannot have its address taken. * Cannot be called.
Lies. You can call main, and you can take its address. This compiles and runs in VS2019:
#include int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc <= 1) {
auto main_ptr{main};
std::cout << "pointer to main = " << main_ptr << std::endl;
std::cout << "exiting ..." << std::endl;
return 0;
}
std::cout << "argc = " << argc << std::endl;
main(--argc, argv);
}Interestingly, in linux you
auto main_ptr{main}is 1, but for windows it looks like an address: 0008151E Update: I should also point out that the instances where you might need to call main from within you program are vanishingly small. In general, if you think you need to, you're almost certainly wrong. -
Did it say - "I want to C you again!" ? And did you reply #ly that you had moved on? :-D
I, for one, like Roman Numerals.
Difficult to tell, it was yelling a lot and slurring it's words.
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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Rick York wrote:
you can't call it yourself.
Indeed you can, but you need to know what you are doing.
Rick York wrote:
but it is implicitly known to the linker
Not quite, there is a reference to it in the run time libraries which must be satisfied at link time.
Rick York wrote:
in the case of programs for Windows, it IS overridden to be WinMain.
But there is a main() inside the Windows libraries, which again gets called by the run time (unless it has changed in the last 20+ years). And that then calls in to WinMain.
Actually things are a little different. In the Visual Studio source, VC/Tools/MSVC/**version**/crt/src/vcruntime/vcstartup_internal.h has the prototypes and the calls are in exe_common.inl. WinMain and main are two different calls along with their wide character versions.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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raddevus wrote:
* Cannot have its address taken. * Cannot be called.
Lies. You can call main, and you can take its address. This compiles and runs in VS2019:
#include int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc <= 1) {
auto main_ptr{main};
std::cout << "pointer to main = " << main_ptr << std::endl;
std::cout << "exiting ..." << std::endl;
return 0;
}
std::cout << "argc = " << argc << std::endl;
main(--argc, argv);
}Interestingly, in linux you
auto main_ptr{main}is 1, but for windows it looks like an address: 0008151E Update: I should also point out that the instances where you might need to call main from within you program are vanishingly small. In general, if you think you need to, you're almost certainly wrong. -
C is for wimps Real programmers use butterflies
Real programmers use butterflies
Real programmers use galaxy-sized gravitic lenses.
#SupportHeForShe Government can give you nothing but what it takes from somebody else. A government big enough to give you everything you want is big enough to take everything you've got, including your freedom.-Ezra Taft Benson You must accept 1 of 2 basic premises: Either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Either way, the implications are staggering!-Wernher von Braun
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raddevus wrote:
* Cannot have its address taken. * Cannot be called.
Lies. You can call main, and you can take its address. This compiles and runs in VS2019:
#include int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc <= 1) {
auto main_ptr{main};
std::cout << "pointer to main = " << main_ptr << std::endl;
std::cout << "exiting ..." << std::endl;
return 0;
}
std::cout << "argc = " << argc << std::endl;
main(--argc, argv);
}Interestingly, in linux you
auto main_ptr{main}is 1, but for windows it looks like an address: 0008151E Update: I should also point out that the instances where you might need to call main from within you program are vanishingly small. In general, if you think you need to, you're almost certainly wrong.Hold my Jolt Cola...
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Real programmers use galaxy-sized gravitic lenses.
#SupportHeForShe Government can give you nothing but what it takes from somebody else. A government big enough to give you everything you want is big enough to take everything you've got, including your freedom.-Ezra Taft Benson You must accept 1 of 2 basic premises: Either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Either way, the implications are staggering!-Wernher von Braun
Focused using butterflies
Real programmers use butterflies
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Well it never called me back - and I thought we had such a connection... :(( :(( :mad: :(( :((
I, for one, like Roman Numerals.
Did you give it your number, baby? ;P
#SupportHeForShe Government can give you nothing but what it takes from somebody else. A government big enough to give you everything you want is big enough to take everything you've got, including your freedom.-Ezra Taft Benson You must accept 1 of 2 basic premises: Either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Either way, the implications are staggering!-Wernher von Braun
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Focused using butterflies
Real programmers use butterflies
honey the codewitch wrote:
Focused using butterflies
that are manipulated using gravitic lenses
#SupportHeForShe Government can give you nothing but what it takes from somebody else. A government big enough to give you everything you want is big enough to take everything you've got, including your freedom.-Ezra Taft Benson You must accept 1 of 2 basic premises: Either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Either way, the implications are staggering!-Wernher von Braun
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honey the codewitch wrote:
Focused using butterflies
that are manipulated using gravitic lenses
#SupportHeForShe Government can give you nothing but what it takes from somebody else. A government big enough to give you everything you want is big enough to take everything you've got, including your freedom.-Ezra Taft Benson You must accept 1 of 2 basic premises: Either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Either way, the implications are staggering!-Wernher von Braun
created from the silk of butterfly cocoons :-D
Real programmers use butterflies
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Difficult to tell, it was yelling a lot and slurring it's words.
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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That reminds me of a thing I read some time back, titled something along the lines of 'the 50 things Windows does before hitting main()'. Can't find it but it's out there somewhere, by one of the SysInternals lot I think. It was both interesting and really boring at the same time.
Regards, Rob Philpott.
If you have Visual Studio you can see what the C run-time library does by looking at its source. I was checking that out just today.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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Actually things are a little different. In the Visual Studio source, VC/Tools/MSVC/**version**/crt/src/vcruntime/vcstartup_internal.h has the prototypes and the calls are in exe_common.inl. WinMain and main are two different calls along with their wide character versions.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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I can't make up my mind.
Regards, Rob Philpott.
Only if used as such, e. g. in this code:
#include
using namespace std;
static int call_countdown = 3;
typedef int (*MyCallbackFun)();
int foo(MyCallbackFun cb, int count)
{
static int foo_counter = 0;
++foo_counter;
cout << "enter foo[" << foo_counter <<"]: " << count << endl;
int result = cb();
cout << "exit foo[" << foo_counter << "]: " << result << endl;
return result;
}
int bar()
{
static int bar_counter = 0;
++bar_counter;
cout << "bar[" << bar_counter << "]" << endl;
return -1;
}
int main()
{
static int call_counter = 0;
++call_counter;
cout << "enter main[" << call_counter << "]" << endl;int result = 0; if (call\_counter < 5) { result = (call\_counter>2) ? foo(bar, call\_counter) : foo(main, call\_counter); } cout << "exit main\[" << call\_counter << "\]: " << result << endl; return call\_counter;}
You can test it here: https://www.onlinegdb.com/online_c++_compiler[^] or trust me that the output is:
enter main[1]
enter foo[1]: 1
enter main[2]
enter foo[2]: 2
enter main[3]
enter foo[3]: 3
bar[1]
exit foo[3]: -1
exit main[3]: -1
exit foo[3]: 3
exit main[3]: 3
exit foo[3]: 3
exit main[3]: 3The tricky bit about this is that by using main() as a callback function, you're also using it recursively, which complicates matters considerably: it's easy to mess up the code and get an endless recursion. (that's why I added counters and output in every function) It's doable, but definitiely not a good idea.
GOTOs are a bit like wire coat hangers: they tend to breed in the darkness, such that where there once were few, eventually there are many, and the program's architecture collapses beneath them. (Fran Poretto)
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created from the silk of butterfly cocoons :-D
Real programmers use butterflies
lol, you got me there.
#SupportHeForShe Government can give you nothing but what it takes from somebody else. A government big enough to give you everything you want is big enough to take everything you've got, including your freedom.-Ezra Taft Benson You must accept 1 of 2 basic premises: Either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Either way, the implications are staggering!-Wernher von Braun
