Gulliver's travels is obscene and banned.
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Vikram Punathambekar wrote: And BTW, there is a lot of resentment here about India trying to land a man on the Moon. The announcement was not taken as a surprise here. And as an aerospace engineer, i can say that India is fully capable of sending human to the moon, the only hurdle in the way is money. Vikram Punathambekar wrote: But reading your post content is rather disappointig. Oh forget it..this seems to be continue till the end of the world ;P
The announcement was not taken as a surprise here. It came as a surprise to me. this seems to be continue till the end of the world And you're happy to leave it at that, aren't you? X| :mad: When will you Pakis (and most of us Indians) learn that this is getting us nowhere? Hey, wait! I'm an Indian, so if I to extend my hand of friendship to Pakistan there must be an ulterior motive behind it. So you'd better not trust me. Let's go on with the killing. After all, it makes us happy, right?
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
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Roger Wright wrote: Well said, Vikram... Thanks, Roger. And it might interest you to know that for your balanced view (which, coincidentally, in somebody else' view, is anti-Pakistan and pro-India), you've been voted a 1. Here, I'll vote you a 5 to make up for it. I just wish Pakis would stop attacking India whenever we something about Pakistan. This mistrust cannot go on forever. As Mahatma Gandhi said, "An eye for an eye leaves the whole world blind". But wait a minute, Gandhiji was Indian, right? So he (and this quote of his) are probably banned in Pakistan. X|
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
Thank you for the vote, Vikram, but I really don't give a damn what votes my posts get. I post my thoughts, be they rational or completely deranged. To my tiny American mind, Indians and Pakistanis are the same people - I admit that geography was not my strong suit in school. From my point of view, your conflicts are a pain in the arse, and I really wish you all would get along a whole lot better. I've worked alongside Indians and Pakistanis - you're all nice people. Why can't you get along?
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus Long -
Vikram Punathambekar wrote: Sean O'Casey play, The End of the Beginning Not much you miss here, it's a pain. Although it must be said, for the pain it is it is good. Vikram Punathambekar wrote: Jonathan Swift because they conatin "sexual connotations", really? Got to re-read it again :rolleyes: Don't remember much of it... Vikram Punathambekar wrote: I was not Paki-bashing. I would have scoffed had it been an Indian university too. A pity that it has to be said, and good that you say it. But their prudishness mixes well with their transatlantic allies, doesn't it? ;P
"Der Geist des Kriegers ist erwacht / Ich hab die Macht" StS
sighist | Agile Programming | doxygenpeterchen wrote: A pity that it has to be said, and good that you say it. Bah! They'd see that and simply think "What a blatant lie!" peterchen wrote: really? Got to re-read it again Don't remember much of it... I think there are two versions of it, inc an adult version. :~ peterchen wrote: But their prudishness mixes well with their transatlantic allies, doesn't it? ROTFLMAO !
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
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It's hilarious, in a gallows humour sort of way, to see any country in a region so disposed to overproduction of human beings, condemn any reference to reproductive activity. In my lifetime, the only book ever banned in this nation of supposedly free individuals was penned in that area - the Kama Sutra. It's very sad to see any culture manufacture a supposed sin out of the beautiful act of procreation, and ours, I must admit, is most guilty of that. We wallow in guilt for exposing the body, ostensibly created in the image of God, to the view of others. What a sad inversion of values. To extend this ridiculous taboo to include mere words - and those in a poorly understood foreign language - is a travesty. I weep for the people in your region of the world... as I do for my own. When will they learn that words are only noises in the wind, and that values are borne in the heart?:( There are so many important issues for us to debate - why do we allow such trivial matters to consume so much of our productive time? Swift was a talented author of fantasy, and students at the college level should have the critical facilities to discriminate between porn and art. Leave the matter to their capable hands, and let's not go banning books!
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus LongRoger Wright wrote: In my lifetime, the only book ever banned in this nation of supposedly free individuals was penned in that area - the Kama Sutra. The Kama Sutra is banned in India? :confused: I'll admit I haven't read it, but I've seen it on display for sale at bookfairs. And some of my friends have read it.
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
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The announcement was not taken as a surprise here. It came as a surprise to me. this seems to be continue till the end of the world And you're happy to leave it at that, aren't you? X| :mad: When will you Pakis (and most of us Indians) learn that this is getting us nowhere? Hey, wait! I'm an Indian, so if I to extend my hand of friendship to Pakistan there must be an ulterior motive behind it. So you'd better not trust me. Let's go on with the killing. After all, it makes us happy, right?
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
Vikram Punathambekar wrote: if I to extend my hand of friendship to Pakistan there must be an ulterior motive behind it. So you'd better not trust me. Let's go on with the killing. After all, it makes us happy, right? Why are you provoking conflict in this way? I thought better of you, Vikram....:(
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus Long -
Thank you for the vote, Vikram, but I really don't give a damn what votes my posts get. I post my thoughts, be they rational or completely deranged. To my tiny American mind, Indians and Pakistanis are the same people - I admit that geography was not my strong suit in school. From my point of view, your conflicts are a pain in the arse, and I really wish you all would get along a whole lot better. I've worked alongside Indians and Pakistanis - you're all nice people. Why can't you get along?
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus LongRoger Wright wrote: I've worked alongside Indians and Pakistanis - you're all nice people. Now you're going to get voted down for saying Indians are nice people. Roger Wright wrote: Why can't you get along? That's what I ask myself, my fellow-Indians, and Pakistanis. In India, I'm branded an anti-national. Pakis scoff at me. Anyway, SO WHAT? (like you said when your post got voted down) Regards,
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
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First of all this is a personal decision of an educational institution and a 100% correct decision supported by majority of people. If your difinition of "modern society" is that boys and girls sit together in class room and and and learn such literature; then sorry we are not a "modern society" and are proud of that. I don't know why you people call a society a modern society in which men and women hugging and kissing each other in the public, reading sexual material together in class room and women wearing little dresses....:mad: No we don't want to be "modern". This could be "your" way to judge how much a society is a progressive society not ours. And yes have you ever been to Lahore. It is much safe and better than almost all your cities. See yourself what your own journalist saying in the last two lines of this document[^].
I've read enough of Virkam's posts to know that he is talking about individual issues not where they come from and your statement that 100% of people supoort the ban is not justified. Secondly, I saw a very good program with Imran Kahn about modern Pakistan and it was very interesting to hear his assesment, bearing in mind that he has also spent a lot of time in other countries and can make valid comparisons. As to the article you mention, it does not compare Lahore with other cities, it points out that someone has misconceptions. I suggest you think about that in your statements. And if a modern society prevents women being victims 'honour' murders because of arguments their husbands and families have, then I want to be in a modern society. Please feel free to continue this in the soapbox. Elaine :rose: The tigress is here :-D
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The literature you fear so much is fantasy - written purposely to entertain, and to lampoon a Victorian society that strangled creativity for ages. There is no attack on your society's mores inherent in the book. It is an obscenity to ban any learning from reaching any person capable of learning it, and this sort of censorship is an offense against all the gods that mankind may choose to worship. Whether you embrace Allah, Woden, Yahweh, Bramha, or any other deity, all chose to create us all with will and intelligence. To deprive any person of knowledge is to steal their right to exercise both. Censorship is wrong, no matter how lofty the moral goal may be.
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus Long5 ! I agree because of an odd situation I have been in. I am not a religious person, yet I have been in the situation of explaining some fairly basic aspects of Islam to a few muslim friends (from Pakistan as it happens) because their religious teaching consists of memorising the Quran, without having to understand a single word as long as they could make the right sounds. In that particular instance, it was explaining what the Hadith is (after explaaining that it existed !). I learned a bit about Islam because I have had a number of muslim friends and lived in multicultured areas, so it seemed reasonable to understand people. I have even read Gulliver's Travels. Elaine :rose: The tigress is here :-D
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Roger Wright wrote: In my lifetime, the only book ever banned in this nation of supposedly free individuals was penned in that area - the Kama Sutra. The Kama Sutra is banned in India? :confused: I'll admit I haven't read it, but I've seen it on display for sale at bookfairs. And some of my friends have read it.
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
I think Roger was talking about the Kama Sutra being banned in the UK. The tigress is here :-D
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Vikram Punathambekar wrote: Sean O'Casey play, The End of the Beginning Not much you miss here, it's a pain. Although it must be said, for the pain it is it is good. Vikram Punathambekar wrote: Jonathan Swift because they conatin "sexual connotations", really? Got to re-read it again :rolleyes: Don't remember much of it... Vikram Punathambekar wrote: I was not Paki-bashing. I would have scoffed had it been an Indian university too. A pity that it has to be said, and good that you say it. But their prudishness mixes well with their transatlantic allies, doesn't it? ;P
"Der Geist des Kriegers ist erwacht / Ich hab die Macht" StS
sighist | Agile Programming | doxygenpeterchen wrote: But their prudishness mixes well with their transatlantic allies, doesn't it? Agreed ! Not happily, but agreed. The tigress is here :-D
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Roger Wright wrote: In my lifetime, the only book ever banned in this nation of supposedly free individuals was penned in that area - the Kama Sutra. The Kama Sutra is banned in India? :confused: I'll admit I haven't read it, but I've seen it on display for sale at bookfairs. And some of my friends have read it.
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
Vikram Punathambekar wrote: The Kama Sutra is banned in India? No, never - it's a holy text there, I'm told. But not here in the US - it's sinful, because the pictures depict people having a good time. You should read it, young man, and learn from it. It's a great marriage primer.:-D
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus Long -
I've read enough of Virkam's posts to know that he is talking about individual issues not where they come from and your statement that 100% of people supoort the ban is not justified. Secondly, I saw a very good program with Imran Kahn about modern Pakistan and it was very interesting to hear his assesment, bearing in mind that he has also spent a lot of time in other countries and can make valid comparisons. As to the article you mention, it does not compare Lahore with other cities, it points out that someone has misconceptions. I suggest you think about that in your statements. And if a modern society prevents women being victims 'honour' murders because of arguments their husbands and families have, then I want to be in a modern society. Please feel free to continue this in the soapbox. Elaine :rose: The tigress is here :-D
Trollslayer wrote: I've read enough of Virkam's posts to know that he is talking about individual issues not where they come from Thanks for your faith in me, Elaine! :rose: Trollslayer wrote: As to the article you mention I wasn't able to read that. :( Mind reproducing its contents for me? (by private email, preferably - we don't want to abuse CP, do we?) Trollslayer wrote: women being victims 'honour' murders because of arguments their husbands and families have There's something more shocking. This looks like Paki-bashing admittedly, but I'm just stating a fact If a woman in Pakistan has been raped or even harassed, she has brought "dishonor" to the whole family. Then the men resort to honor killing- once the "dishonored" woman is no more, the family regains its honor. So, women are killed by their brothers, sons, husbands and fathers. :(( And this is supported by the law. :mad: BTW, I voted this a 5. :)
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
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5 ! I agree because of an odd situation I have been in. I am not a religious person, yet I have been in the situation of explaining some fairly basic aspects of Islam to a few muslim friends (from Pakistan as it happens) because their religious teaching consists of memorising the Quran, without having to understand a single word as long as they could make the right sounds. In that particular instance, it was explaining what the Hadith is (after explaaining that it existed !). I learned a bit about Islam because I have had a number of muslim friends and lived in multicultured areas, so it seemed reasonable to understand people. I have even read Gulliver's Travels. Elaine :rose: The tigress is here :-D
Trollslayer wrote: it was explaining what the Hadith is (after explaaining that it existed !). That is equally true of many Christians... so few read and understand the texts they quote. We are so ignorant, despite our pretexts of knowledge. No matter how old we become, there remains, always, so much to learn. Trollslayer wrote: I have even read Gulliver's Travels. I always knew you were a smart lady...:-D
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus Long -
It's hilarious, in a gallows humour sort of way, to see any country in a region so disposed to overproduction of human beings, condemn any reference to reproductive activity. In my lifetime, the only book ever banned in this nation of supposedly free individuals was penned in that area - the Kama Sutra. It's very sad to see any culture manufacture a supposed sin out of the beautiful act of procreation, and ours, I must admit, is most guilty of that. We wallow in guilt for exposing the body, ostensibly created in the image of God, to the view of others. What a sad inversion of values. To extend this ridiculous taboo to include mere words - and those in a poorly understood foreign language - is a travesty. I weep for the people in your region of the world... as I do for my own. When will they learn that words are only noises in the wind, and that values are borne in the heart?:( There are so many important issues for us to debate - why do we allow such trivial matters to consume so much of our productive time? Swift was a talented author of fantasy, and students at the college level should have the critical facilities to discriminate between porn and art. Leave the matter to their capable hands, and let's not go banning books!
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus LongRoger Wright wrote: In my lifetime, the only book ever banned in this nation of supposedly free individuals was penned in that area - the Kama Sutra A good point but not entirely true there are other more subtle forms of the suppression of ideas and statements that certain people do not appreciate for one reason or another. The American chains such as Wal Mart and Disney are notorious in the that the ideas they put across and the products they sell must conform to a certain perception of "Family values". In the case of Wal Mart refusing to stock albums by Nirvana and other bands is a famous example, where they wouldn't stock their records until the changed the name of certain songs. Noticably the song "Rape me" and in the UK major book sellers including W.H.Smith ( a major book retailler ) refused to stock American Psycho by Brett Easton Ellis. I know there are a lot of people on this site who take a stand on the "Family values" argument on this site mostly with the consideration of their own children in mind and I'm not trying to start a flame war on family values and if or where certain subject matters should be avaliable to the general public or people who are interested in a particular topic. I am just trying to make the point that each society has it's own restrictions and that those restrictions are enforced just as strictly ine each society. pseudonym67
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Vikram Punathambekar wrote: if I to extend my hand of friendship to Pakistan there must be an ulterior motive behind it. So you'd better not trust me. Let's go on with the killing. After all, it makes us happy, right? Why are you provoking conflict in this way? I thought better of you, Vikram....:(
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus LongRoger Wright wrote: Why are you provoking conflict in this way? I'm *not* provoking conflict, Roger. I was being sarcastic. I just posted what would go on in the average Pakistani's mind. Any Indian who wishes friendship is instantly viewed with distrust. Do you know that killing does make (at least, some) people happy? People are happy their soldiers died (because they're martyrs) and that the enemy's slodiers died (because they are enemies). Roger Wright wrote: I thought better of you, Vikram Sadly, I never thought you'd misunderstand this. Anyway, I'm sorry if I gave the wrong impression.
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
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Punjab (the one in Pak, not India) University has banned works by Jonathan Swift because they conatin "sexual connotations", Vikram Seth because he's Indian, Auden because she's Jewish, Rape of the Lock by Pope because it contains an "offesnive" term, and many others. At the college level. Read about it at http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/10lit.htm The funniest part is right at the bottom: Perhaps the most bizarre criticism is of a Sean O'Casey play, The End of the Beginning. The committee quoted a portion from the play: "When the song ended, Darry cocks his ear and listens." Dr Arif underlined the word 'cocks', the daily said. [edit] Alright, I'll be the first to admit I haven't read *all* those works, but it still seems stupid, esp But the general's wife has a different take on the issue. "We have been tolerant for too long," she said in a meeting with academics from the department. [/edit] :laugh: [edit2] Uh, oh! This is turning out into a many-sided flame war, with 1-voting. Three things really: #1. I was not Paki-bashing. I would have scoffed had it been an Indian university too. #2. I did NOT want to start a flame war. #3. I did not vote anybody down (or up, for that matter).[edit2]
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
Vikram Punathambekar wrote: Perhaps the most bizarre criticism is of a Sean O'Casey play Ye all have something against the irish don't ye. Leave Sean alone.. and it's actually Séan [It's the Irish word for John]. Vikram Punathambekar wrote: , Darry cocks his ear and listens Right.. they banned it because of this??? lol... no.. ROTFLMAO.. :laugh: Regards, Brian Dela :-)
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First of all this is a personal decision of an educational institution and a 100% correct decision supported by majority of people. If your difinition of "modern society" is that boys and girls sit together in class room and and and learn such literature; then sorry we are not a "modern society" and are proud of that. I don't know why you people call a society a modern society in which men and women hugging and kissing each other in the public, reading sexual material together in class room and women wearing little dresses....:mad: No we don't want to be "modern". This could be "your" way to judge how much a society is a progressive society not ours. And yes have you ever been to Lahore. It is much safe and better than almost all your cities. See yourself what your own journalist saying in the last two lines of this document[^].
Samrah Saulat Mirza wrote: sexual material This is considered sexual material??? :omg: Ok... I haven't read the article but the Sean O'Casey one that was banned due to the word cocks???? :wtf: is that about??? There is absoloutly nothing sexual in that word in the context in which it is used!!! Regards, Brian Dela :-)
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Note that was heavily coated in sarcasm. And not towards you Vikram Good that you clarified. :) Else I would have flamed you myself. Seriously, I don't believe people don't want to discuss stuff. It's only because of lack of discussion that misunderstandings occur. I'm quite shocked when people admit that their Govt (or University) is suppressing open discussions and knowledge; and then say "this (suppression) *is* what we want".
Vikram.
My soon-to-be-updated site KI klike KDE kand kuse kit, kbut KI kmust kadmit, kstarting kall knames kwith K kis ksilly. KI khope kthey kwill kgive kup kthis kwhole kscheme ksoon kand kcome kup kwith kreal knames. pI vThink aHungarian nNotation vIs iA aWonderful nThing cAnd pEveryone avShould vUse pIt aAll dThe nTime, adNo nMatter pWhat dThe nContext, adEven adWhen vSpeaking.
Exactly. Im sure most students would like to have the option to study and discuss most things. If on a personal level they have particular objections to a piece of work then thats fine, but at least they are given a chance to decide themselves. It's a shame that the 'we' in 'this is what we want' happens to be the University as I'm sure it doesnt refer to the students. It's more a case of 'this is what you will get'
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Trollslayer wrote: it was explaining what the Hadith is (after explaaining that it existed !). That is equally true of many Christians... so few read and understand the texts they quote. We are so ignorant, despite our pretexts of knowledge. No matter how old we become, there remains, always, so much to learn. Trollslayer wrote: I have even read Gulliver's Travels. I always knew you were a smart lady...:-D
"The Lion shall lie down with the Lamb;
but the Lamb will not get much sleep..."
Lazarus LongRoger Wright wrote: there remains, always, so much to learn. Not to mention relearning the stuff we forgot already pseudonym67
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JohnJ wrote: The action sounds like typical behaviour from a repressive regime, And what about the regime responsible for spreading the fake stories of Jessica ..... :mad:
You are right there. I can't understand why they do those things.. jhaga --------------------------------- I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. Henry David Thoreau, Walden, Conclusion, 1854