Ensure a parameter is not null

Dave Sexton

Personally, I'd check for that before I call foo.

if(myObjectType != null)
{
foo(myObjectType);
}

But fortunately we have the nanny-state politicians who can step in to protect us poor stupid consumers, most of whom would not know a JVM from a frozen chicken. Bruce Pierson
Because programming is an art, not a science. Marc Clifton

Christian Graus

There's the ?? operator, I assume it would work when you call a method. But, in C# all classes are references. And, you can pass null through that function anyhow, so you can't do that in C#. You have the ref keyword but it only works on value types. You can put 'ref' on a class param, but it makes no difference, it was a reference to start with

Christian Graus Please read this if you don't understand the answer I've given you "also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillion OneHundredAndFortySevenMillion FourHundredAndEightyThreeThousand SixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it ) ( spaces added for the benefit of people running at < 1280x1024 )

Malcolm Smart

Christian Graus wrote:

You have the ref keyword but it only works on value types

Can you explain? String is a predefined reference type, but when passed as a parameter, it is passed by value. To change the string, you have to explicitly mark it as ref in the signature

namespace RefChecker
{
    class Program
    {
        static void changeMyString1(string myString)
        {
            myString += " worked";
        }

        static void changeMyString2(ref string myString)
        {
            myString += " worked"; 
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string string1 = "has it";
            string string2 = "has it";

            changeMyString1(string1);
            changeMyString2(ref string2);

            Console.WriteLine(string1);//outputs has it
            Console.WriteLine(string2);//outputs has it worked

        }
    }
}

Knowledge is hereditary, it will find its way up or down. Luc Pattyn
and since what every time when i want to add button to this control one add two times posted in C# forum

PIEBALDconsult

As mentioned, that won't even work in C++. However, this[^] article is my attempt to accomplish that in C#. See the comments for other ideas.

Christian Graus

The string class is a special case in a number of ways. Any other class, is passed by ref, always.

Christian Graus Please read this if you don't understand the answer I've given you "also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillion OneHundredAndFortySevenMillion FourHundredAndEightyThreeThousand SixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it ) ( spaces added for the benefit of people running at < 1280x1024 )

S Senthil Kumar

Christian Graus wrote:

You have the ref keyword but it only works on value types. You can put 'ref' on a class param, but it makes no difference, it was a reference to start with

No, it does make a difference. If you pass a reference type with "ref", you are essentially passing a reference to the reference (something like a pointer to a pointer in C++). For example.

class A
{
public int x;
}

void Method()
{
A a = new A();
M1(ref a);
Console.WriteLine(a.x); // prints 1

a = new A();
M2(a);
Console.WriteLine(a.x); // prints 0
}

void M1(ref A a)
{
a = new A();
a.x = 1;
}

void M2(A a)
{
a = new A();
a.x = 2;
}

M1 takes a by ref and therefore assigning to a changes the reference itself. M2 takes a by value, so changing a doesn't change the a in Method.

Regards Senthil [MVP - Visual C#] _____________________________ My Blog | My Articles | My Flickr | WinMacro

Vikram A Punathambekar

Much better to do it inside the function since: 1. You only have to do the check once (of course, the caller has to code defensively). 2. There's a reason NullReferenceException is there.

Cheers, Vikram.

The hands that help are holier than the lips that pray.

Vikram A Punathambekar

:applause: I can't believe how few people know about this. And I'm far from being a guru myself. :sigh:

Cheers, Vikram.

The hands that help are holier than the lips that pray.

Vikram A Punathambekar

Christian Graus wrote:

You have the ref keyword but it only works on value types. You can put 'ref' on a class param, but it makes no difference, it was a reference to start with

In addition to what Senthil said, it helps to think of it like this: if you pass an object as you would regularly do, it gets passed by reference, but that reference is passed by value; if you pass an object by ref, the reference is passed by reference. That's how my Java friend taught me (it's the same in magical Javaland). It looks like codswallop, but it really works wonders once you get the hang of it.

Cheers, Vikram.

The hands that help are holier than the lips that pray.

Malcolm Smart

You are actually assigned a new reference here, not changing the object the reference refers to. Try this...
class Program { class MyClass { public int x; } static void changeMyClass1(MyClass myClass ) { myClass.x = 100; } static void changeMyClass2(ref MyClass myClass ) { myClass.x = 100; } static void Main(string[] args) { MyClass instance1 = new MyClass(); MyClass instance2 = new MyClass(); instance1.x = 0; instance2.x = 0; changeMyClass1(instance1); changeMyClass2(ref instance2); Console.WriteLine(instance1.x);//outputs 100 Console.WriteLine(instance2.x);//outputs 100 } }Like CG said, they are by ref, by default. Both instances will change. Strings behave differently, which, in my opinion is bad.

Knowledge is hereditary, it will find its way up or down. Luc Pattyn
and since what every time when i want to add button to this control one add two times posted in C# forum

S Senthil Kumar

Malcolm Smart wrote:

Like CG said, they are by ref, by default. Both instances will change.

Yes, but as you pointed out, passing the parameter with "ref" allows you to change the reference itself - which is different from changing the object being referenced. In your example, both methods only change the object being referenced, and there is no difference in that case. My point was passing reference types for "ref" has a different meaning than passing them without "ref". And strings don't behave differently - strings are immutable reference types. In your example,

static void changeMyString1(string myString)
{
myString = mystring + " worked";
}

    static void changeMyString2(ref string myString)
    {
        myString = mystring + " worked"; 
    }

the second method takes myString by ref, and therefore changes the reference itself. After both methods have executed, mystring will be referring to a new string object with " worked" concatentated. By passing myString as ref in the second method, the "original" myString that was passed to changeMyString2 changes to refer to the new string object. The first method doesn't take myString by ref, and therefore the original myString passed doesn't change. If you know C++, the following piece of code demonstrates the difference.

int global = 10;

void Test()
{
int val = 0;

int *p = &val;
Method2(p); // *p = 0;
Method1(&p); // *p = 10
}

void Method1(int **p)
{
*p = &g;
}

void Method2(int *p)
{
p = &g;
}

You can consider p to be equivalent to a reference type. Method2 is equivalent to not passing with "ref", and Method1 is equivalent to passing with "ref". Changing p inside Method2 doesn't affect p in Test, but changing *p in Method1 does.

Regards Senthil [MVP - Visual C#] _____________________________ My Blog | My Articles | My Flickr | WinMacro