If you are receiving an XML serialization, then the only thing you can deserialize it with is an XmlSerializer - it is entirly possible that the error you are getting is a reflection of this. I.e. that the XmlNode entries are private, not available as public properties and thus the tree can be saved by a XmlSerializer, but not with a BinaryFormatter since this will try to save all private variables as well. Since XmlNore does not appear to have a [Serializable]attribute, I think you are stuck with XmlSerializer. You could use multiple type of serializer, but since each would contain the same data this would just increase the effort, without producing a benefit.