The MS Calc works, but you can do it by hand, too. In binary, each position is worth twice the previous value. So, if you have a binary number "10110011", you can break it down like this:
128x 64x 32x 16x 8x 4x 2x 1x
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
128 + 32 + 16 + 2 + 1 = 179
Doing the reverse, "131" breaks down like this:
128x 64x 32x 16x 8x 4x 2x 1x
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
128 + 2 + 1 = 131 = 10000011
------------------------------------------ When I was a kid, I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realized that the Lord, in his wisdom, didn't work that way. So I just stole one and asked him to forgive me. - Emo Phillips