I enjoyed reading your opinions, but, without citing sources (recent sources with some scientific credibility), your arguments and hypotheses, while possible, do not convince me they are more highly probable than the "usual suspects." Did you read the other article cited on this forum (on InfoWorld) ? If you did, it appears their methodology of looking at activity on major search engines did not register on you, since you do not mention that in your "indictment" of other studies. "Tiobe assesses language popularity via a formula that analyzes searches in popular search sites, such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Wikipedia. The improved algorithm addresses the number of outliers -- "statistical noise" -- per search engine, Tiobe said in its monthly report for September." Did you think of doing a simple Google search on "C# use in academic:" if you do, you will find evidence for C# being used in universities/colleges, like Cornell, and others. Your post seems to me more appropriate for the Lounge ... that's not a "put-down" ! cheers, Bill «I want to stay as close to the edge as I can without going over. Out on the edge you see all kinds of things you can't see from the center» Kurt Vonnegut.