Bad news sorry, most of the memory blocks and DOS interrupt tricks that old school 13h and modex programs used won't work under windows. However it is possible to still use the same techniques. If you allocate a framebuffer (similar to a double buffer), you should be able to then use SDL, DirectX or OpenGL to draw a textured quad to a full screen application. On the other hand it may be just as easy to look at OpenGL, DirectX or SDL directly - they make everything so much simpler, and although they take a while to learn it's nothing too hard and there are plenty of websites offering assistance. Most video cards still support these resolutions.
If you can keep you head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you; If you can dream - and not make dreams your master; If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim; Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it. Rudyard Kipling