Yes, the framework provides the libraries and runtime environment for the dll to run. When you create the setup project in visual studio, you can add a condition to check on the target machine. In this, add a condition mentioning that the required version of .net framework is installed; providing a location on MS site to get it if its not already installed. However, in most cases, you can expect it to be installed either by default or as part of some service packs Windows XP SP3 will have .net 3.0 installed Windows Vista comes with 2.0 pre-installed; SP will install further Windows 7 comes with 3.5 pre-installed