http://www.ops.ietf.org/lists/idn/idn.2002/msg01504.html[^] and subsequent response: > AFAIK, in German there are some specific cases in which you have > to use ß instead of ss. Needless to say, it was not the same throughout > Germandom: in Switzerland, the character is not used. The writing > reform happened some years ago changed again things, reducing the number > of cases in which ß has to be used. Moreover, there is no uppercase > form: you have to write SS. In short, a mess :-) "SS" is not always the case, sometimes "SZ" is used instead. "ss" (or "sz", "SS", "SZ") is not necessarily meaning the same as "ß" (sharp s) (also after the "writing reform") e.g.: "Masse" means: mass, majority "Maße" means: metrics, gauges "Ass" means ace "aß" means ate (pastens of "to eat")