Skip to content
  • Categories
  • Recent
  • Tags
  • Popular
  • World
  • Users
  • Groups
Skins
  • Light
  • Cerulean
  • Cosmo
  • Flatly
  • Journal
  • Litera
  • Lumen
  • Lux
  • Materia
  • Minty
  • Morph
  • Pulse
  • Sandstone
  • Simplex
  • Sketchy
  • Spacelab
  • United
  • Yeti
  • Zephyr
  • Dark
  • Cyborg
  • Darkly
  • Quartz
  • Slate
  • Solar
  • Superhero
  • Vapor

  • Default (No Skin)
  • No Skin
Collapse
Code Project
  1. Home
  2. The Lounge
  3. Too much verbing?

Too much verbing?

Scheduled Pinned Locked Moved The Lounge
csharpquestion
55 Posts 19 Posters 1 Views 1 Watching
  • Oldest to Newest
  • Newest to Oldest
  • Most Votes
Reply
  • Reply as topic
Log in to reply
This topic has been deleted. Only users with topic management privileges can see it.
  • T trønderen

    You speak like a true USAtian! I guess that you really are joking. In case you are not: Have you heard about HD Radio? That is the US "Certainly Invented Here" attempt to create a US alternative to the international digital radio standard adopted by Europe, Australia, a lot of Asian countries and a few African ones. If you read and article where "DAB" comes up, it must be because you are interested in broadcasting, not limited to the US of A (where DAB probably would not come up). In that context, DAB is as fundamental as AM and FM. Asking "What is DAB" is like if you had asked "What is GSM" at the time when four different "Certainly Invented Here" mobile phone standards where fighting to kill each other in the US. They did, and the NIH GSM system took over. US authorities tried to avoid the same to happen with the three (or was it four?) competing digital FM radio replacements. So before they had all killed each other, FCC declared HD Radio as the winner based on battle points. HD Radio did not have enough going for it to make it an overnight success, and from what I have been told (I haven't visited USA for quite a few years), HD Radio can be described as 'marginalized' in the US radio market of today. So maybe you are not much aware of HDR. Even though NIH, DAB was considered in the USA, although reluctantly. However, channels at the outer end of the DAB frequency spectrum was so close to frequencies used by US Armed Forces that there was a theoretical possibility that a badly tuned broadcast transmitter could cause interference with military communication. Of course it would have been possible to declare the DAB band to not go that high (in fact, some European countries do!), sacrificing a small fraction of the total capacity. More important: It was a good excuse for rejecting the international standard, replacing it with something Certainly Invented Here. From a technical point of view, HD Radio is somewhat closer to DRM, rather than DAB. DRM is the primary radio technology in India. If you haven't heard of DAB, I assume that DRM is even more unfamiliar. DRM shares a lot of technological elements with DAB (so making a combined DAB/DRM receiver is quite simple), but some lower layers differ: DAB multiplexes a great number (typically 12-20) of audio channels on a single transmitter, requiring a coordination of the sources or those channels. DRM transmits from a single audio channel up to four, so it is much better suited for an independent 'husband-and-wife'-type radio station. DRM c

    D Offline
    D Offline
    David ONeil
    wrote on last edited by
    #41

    trønderen wrote:

    I do not get used to it! ... In technical media/literature, you too frequently read articles that use an insane amount of abbreviations, often rather obscure ones, without explaining a single one of them.

    And then you violate your own desire:

    trønderen wrote:

    If you read and article where "DAB" comes up, it must be because you are interested in broadcasting, not limited to the US of A (where DAB probably would not come up).

    I, in the USA, have never heard 'DAB' before, and I've heard a lot of acronyms. I'm guessing it means 'Digital Audio Broadcast.' And then you violate your desire a couple more times: 'DRM,' 'NIH' - no clue what those are, although DRM is almost always Digital Rights Management in our news, but obviously not per your usage. “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler” - the best expansion of 'brevity's meaning, as I see it.

    Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

    T 1 Reply Last reply
    0
    • Mircea NeacsuM Mircea Neacsu

      Cannot argue with Oxford so, case closed. Maybe someone should send a memo to Merriam-Wesbster that is my go to reference.

      Mircea

      D Offline
      D Offline
      David ONeil
      wrote on last edited by
      #42

      Mircea Neacsu wrote:

      Maybe someone should send a memo to Merriam-Wesbster that is my go to reference.

      Agreed - mine too.

      Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

      1 Reply Last reply
      0
      • M MarkTJohnson

        I do like the "shop" thing. When I was in college for my Computer Science degree, I had one professor who would always come into the room and draw a line on the chalkboard. He would then say, "Now, I can remark." My daughter once noted after something bad had happened several times after we had served chicken for dinner that we must have a "Poultrygeist" in house. When I agree with one of my kids I will text Potassium. Short for K. Which is short for OK. Which is short for okay.

        I’ve given up trying to be calm. However, I am open to feeling slightly less agitated. I’m begging you for the benefit of everyone, don’t be STUPID.

        E Offline
        E Offline
        englebart
        wrote on last edited by
        #43

        Did you mean “Potassium is _long_ for K” Try 19 next time.

        M 1 Reply Last reply
        0
        • D David ONeil

          trønderen wrote:

          I do not get used to it! ... In technical media/literature, you too frequently read articles that use an insane amount of abbreviations, often rather obscure ones, without explaining a single one of them.

          And then you violate your own desire:

          trønderen wrote:

          If you read and article where "DAB" comes up, it must be because you are interested in broadcasting, not limited to the US of A (where DAB probably would not come up).

          I, in the USA, have never heard 'DAB' before, and I've heard a lot of acronyms. I'm guessing it means 'Digital Audio Broadcast.' And then you violate your desire a couple more times: 'DRM,' 'NIH' - no clue what those are, although DRM is almost always Digital Rights Management in our news, but obviously not per your usage. “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler” - the best expansion of 'brevity's meaning, as I see it.

          Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

          T Offline
          T Offline
          trønderen
          wrote on last edited by
          #44

          David O'Neil wrote:

          I, in the USA, have never heard 'DAB' before

          Have you heard of FM? AM? HDR? If you never had any interest at all in radio, I guess all of those are unfamiliar - as well as DAB. I guess that it is related to

          'NIH' - no clue what those are

          From inside the US of A, you may not know how the rest of the world view USA self confidence. That any technology "Not Invented Here" has no value, is of no interest to the US of A. I honestly thought that USAtians generally knew the term, and I deliberately used "Certainly Invented Here" as somewhat ironic reminder of the NIH attitude, expecting "Not Invented Here" to be well known. When you prove me wrong, that sort of makes my point even stronger :-) I did use DAB and DRM without de-abbreviation, as I used FM and AM without de-abbreviation. That fits into my line of argument: These are everyday, general concepts. If I mention an LP (if you are old enough to remember those :-)), I need not expand it to "Long Play" to make you ponder "How long?", or the 10" EP discs, "Extended Play", making you ponder in which way they are "extended", or how much. I guess that it Europe, maybe half the population couldn't provide the de-abbreviation of DAB without hesitation, just like only a small fraction in the Western world knows the de-abbreviation of DVD. They are technology names. If you never heard names of the technology, you never heard of the technology. After reading my post, you were certainly not in doubt that DAB and DRM are names of different digital broadcasting technologies. Sure, DRM is also the name of other technologies. If the context doesn't give you a clue, you may look it up in Wikipedia: Currently it lists no less than 23 different de-abbreviations of DRM. My previous post didn't give any hints towards 22 of them, but did suggest a digital radio broadcasting standard named DRM, didn't it? If I had referred to a radio standard named "Charles", would it have made a big difference for your understanding? Would it have been easier or more difficult to accept it as a technology name? OK, I will admit it openly: I deliberately used "DAB" and "DRM" without de-abbreviation to tease the "Not Invented Here" readers. In Europe, Australia and many countries in Asia and Africa, DAB is as well known today as FM is. ("AM" is fading; few Norwegian youth would know what an AM radio is, and might ask me to de-abbreviate and exp

          D 1 Reply Last reply
          0
          • T trønderen

            Some constructed languages, such as Esperanto, have far simpler grammars than most natural grammars. E.g. verbing a noun, or nouning a verb, is certainly not wierding the language - it is the way it is done. Always. Disclaimer: I do not know Esperanto (nor other spoken constructed languages), but people who have tried to make me study it, says that's roughly how Esperanto is. Correct me if I have a wrong understanding. As a programmer, I feel a certain attraction to highly regular, simple grammar languages. Maybe they are not as well suited for, say, poetry - but Esperanto people will say that it certainly is, both for poetry, love stories and everything else. Let's see it from a programmer's point of view: A programming language with a complex grammar and lots of irregularities does not make it more suitable for providing workable software solutions. Yesterday's New Old Thing blog, How to convert between different types of counted-string string types[^] lists 8 (eight) different counted string classes (excluding NUL terminated). It gives me shivers; I look the other way and use the C# string type instead ... (or even 1970 vintage Pascal strings :-)). "Richness" doesn't always correspond to "valuable". If you dislike verbing of nouns and nouning of verbs on principal, language independent grounds, then by implication you reject Esperanto. (Maybe you do for other reasons as well!). For English in particular, overusing it can be used for funny word play, such as the C&H "wierding" example mentioned by another poster. But as lots of fully established verb/noun pairs are related that way, I will never be able to draw a clear line: These verbings are fully acceptable, while those are condemnable, when they are created according to the same pattern.

            Religious freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make five.

            Mircea NeacsuM Offline
            Mircea NeacsuM Offline
            Mircea Neacsu
            wrote on last edited by
            #45

            I think this is the beginning of a long answer :) I see languages as vessels for human ideas and sentiments. For that purpose, they need a proper balance between stability and adaptability. If English would have evolved too rapidly we wouldn't be able to appreciate Shakespeare's poetry and playwrights while a frozen language would not be able to capture new concepts and ideas. Live languages do evolve and that is, in itself, a whole field of study in which I'm just a mere dilettante. It's interesting to compare the change from thou to you with the Spanish change from "tu" to "Usted". More recently, I find fascinating that in English, the language with a million words, people would find interest in creating new ones. Look at the Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows and the strange words it has created. Anemoia is probably one of my favourites. To summarize, I'm not against creation or adaptation of new words, but in this particular case I think this is just intellectual laziness. There would have been many ways (my suggestion was just the first thing that popped to mind) to express the same idea without forcing a noun into a verb. However, as @David-ONeil has pointed out, the microsoftian who did it was not the first one and Oxford dictionary has recorded that use. As for programming languages, it's very difficult to compare them with human languages. They are so much in their infancy that it is like comparing animal vocalizations with human speech. Not only the number of "words" in a computer language is ridiculously small compared with the number of words in any natural language, but their expressive power is very, very limited. Don't get me wrong, computer languages are perfectly adequate tools for interacting with a computer but not much more.

            Mircea

            T J D 3 Replies Last reply
            0
            • Mircea NeacsuM Mircea Neacsu

              I think this is the beginning of a long answer :) I see languages as vessels for human ideas and sentiments. For that purpose, they need a proper balance between stability and adaptability. If English would have evolved too rapidly we wouldn't be able to appreciate Shakespeare's poetry and playwrights while a frozen language would not be able to capture new concepts and ideas. Live languages do evolve and that is, in itself, a whole field of study in which I'm just a mere dilettante. It's interesting to compare the change from thou to you with the Spanish change from "tu" to "Usted". More recently, I find fascinating that in English, the language with a million words, people would find interest in creating new ones. Look at the Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows and the strange words it has created. Anemoia is probably one of my favourites. To summarize, I'm not against creation or adaptation of new words, but in this particular case I think this is just intellectual laziness. There would have been many ways (my suggestion was just the first thing that popped to mind) to express the same idea without forcing a noun into a verb. However, as @David-ONeil has pointed out, the microsoftian who did it was not the first one and Oxford dictionary has recorded that use. As for programming languages, it's very difficult to compare them with human languages. They are so much in their infancy that it is like comparing animal vocalizations with human speech. Not only the number of "words" in a computer language is ridiculously small compared with the number of words in any natural language, but their expressive power is very, very limited. Don't get me wrong, computer languages are perfectly adequate tools for interacting with a computer but not much more.

              Mircea

              T Offline
              T Offline
              trønderen
              wrote on last edited by
              #46

              There is a lot of truth to your post. And the video at the Anemoia link is great! For us non-native English speakers:

              Mircea Neacsu wrote:

              in this particular case I think this is just intellectual laziness

              We have the additional problem of scientists (and others) not caring to look for the established Norwegian word for some phenomenon, even when there is a well recognized one, based on a hundred years or more of traditional use. They rather try to cast an English word into a Norwegian shape. If you confront them, ask them what is so much better with the English based word, the answer is usually that is is much more "exact", more "well defined". That is because they know the term only from some very limited, specific context, and think that is the only, and well defined, narrow meaning of the word. They do not know it as an everyday, general and often vaguely defined term, but believe (from their limited knowledge of English) that it has a very specific interpretation. Sometimes, the Norwegian term is much more specific, if they would only think of it! I know two major professions of that kind: Computer people, and doctors. I guess that I understand more Latin terms that the majority of patients, but even when I understand it, I frequently stop in my steps, asking the doctor: Does that mean ? I do the same with my coworkers, when there are 'ordinary people' around - I stop them: 'That is , isn't it?'. My coworkers usually nod, but in annoyed way: They don't like their professional talk to be interrupted that way.

              Religious freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make five.

              Mircea NeacsuM 1 Reply Last reply
              0
              • T trønderen

                There is a lot of truth to your post. And the video at the Anemoia link is great! For us non-native English speakers:

                Mircea Neacsu wrote:

                in this particular case I think this is just intellectual laziness

                We have the additional problem of scientists (and others) not caring to look for the established Norwegian word for some phenomenon, even when there is a well recognized one, based on a hundred years or more of traditional use. They rather try to cast an English word into a Norwegian shape. If you confront them, ask them what is so much better with the English based word, the answer is usually that is is much more "exact", more "well defined". That is because they know the term only from some very limited, specific context, and think that is the only, and well defined, narrow meaning of the word. They do not know it as an everyday, general and often vaguely defined term, but believe (from their limited knowledge of English) that it has a very specific interpretation. Sometimes, the Norwegian term is much more specific, if they would only think of it! I know two major professions of that kind: Computer people, and doctors. I guess that I understand more Latin terms that the majority of patients, but even when I understand it, I frequently stop in my steps, asking the doctor: Does that mean ? I do the same with my coworkers, when there are 'ordinary people' around - I stop them: 'That is , isn't it?'. My coworkers usually nod, but in annoyed way: They don't like their professional talk to be interrupted that way.

                Religious freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make five.

                Mircea NeacsuM Offline
                Mircea NeacsuM Offline
                Mircea Neacsu
                wrote on last edited by
                #47

                trønderen wrote:

                not caring to look for the established Norwegian word for some phenomenon

                Exactly same thing happening with Romanians. I admit I'm often guilty of the same crime but at least I have the excuse that I lived many years immersed in other languages. It annoys me when I see people that can barely master the English language yet they use English words when Romanian ones would do just fine. Maybe it's a sign we are moving toward a universal language that will be 80% English with other stuff sprinkled in. I'm sure in this language will be at least one Italian word: Ciao! :laugh:

                Mircea

                1 Reply Last reply
                0
                • Mircea NeacsuM Mircea Neacsu

                  I think this is the beginning of a long answer :) I see languages as vessels for human ideas and sentiments. For that purpose, they need a proper balance between stability and adaptability. If English would have evolved too rapidly we wouldn't be able to appreciate Shakespeare's poetry and playwrights while a frozen language would not be able to capture new concepts and ideas. Live languages do evolve and that is, in itself, a whole field of study in which I'm just a mere dilettante. It's interesting to compare the change from thou to you with the Spanish change from "tu" to "Usted". More recently, I find fascinating that in English, the language with a million words, people would find interest in creating new ones. Look at the Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows and the strange words it has created. Anemoia is probably one of my favourites. To summarize, I'm not against creation or adaptation of new words, but in this particular case I think this is just intellectual laziness. There would have been many ways (my suggestion was just the first thing that popped to mind) to express the same idea without forcing a noun into a verb. However, as @David-ONeil has pointed out, the microsoftian who did it was not the first one and Oxford dictionary has recorded that use. As for programming languages, it's very difficult to compare them with human languages. They are so much in their infancy that it is like comparing animal vocalizations with human speech. Not only the number of "words" in a computer language is ridiculously small compared with the number of words in any natural language, but their expressive power is very, very limited. Don't get me wrong, computer languages are perfectly adequate tools for interacting with a computer but not much more.

                  Mircea

                  J Offline
                  J Offline
                  jmaida
                  wrote on last edited by
                  #48

                  Well said. :)

                  "A little time, a little trouble, your better day" Badfinger

                  1 Reply Last reply
                  0
                  • Mircea NeacsuM Mircea Neacsu

                    English is not my mother tongue but "favorited" sounds like a complete abomination. However Microsoft seems to think otherwise. This is a screen capture from Windows Explorer. How would you vote: to favorite or not to favorite? PS A phrase like "After you marked some files as favourites, we'll show them here", wouldn't have been much longer and for sure would have been more grammatically sound.

                    Mircea

                    Sander RosselS Offline
                    Sander RosselS Offline
                    Sander Rossel
                    wrote on last edited by
                    #49

                    I've favorited the verbing of nouns :D

                    Best, Sander Azure DevOps Succinctly (free eBook) Azure Serverless Succinctly (free eBook) Migrating Apps to the Cloud with Azure arrgh.js - Bringing LINQ to JavaScript

                    D 1 Reply Last reply
                    0
                    • T trønderen

                      David O'Neil wrote:

                      I, in the USA, have never heard 'DAB' before

                      Have you heard of FM? AM? HDR? If you never had any interest at all in radio, I guess all of those are unfamiliar - as well as DAB. I guess that it is related to

                      'NIH' - no clue what those are

                      From inside the US of A, you may not know how the rest of the world view USA self confidence. That any technology "Not Invented Here" has no value, is of no interest to the US of A. I honestly thought that USAtians generally knew the term, and I deliberately used "Certainly Invented Here" as somewhat ironic reminder of the NIH attitude, expecting "Not Invented Here" to be well known. When you prove me wrong, that sort of makes my point even stronger :-) I did use DAB and DRM without de-abbreviation, as I used FM and AM without de-abbreviation. That fits into my line of argument: These are everyday, general concepts. If I mention an LP (if you are old enough to remember those :-)), I need not expand it to "Long Play" to make you ponder "How long?", or the 10" EP discs, "Extended Play", making you ponder in which way they are "extended", or how much. I guess that it Europe, maybe half the population couldn't provide the de-abbreviation of DAB without hesitation, just like only a small fraction in the Western world knows the de-abbreviation of DVD. They are technology names. If you never heard names of the technology, you never heard of the technology. After reading my post, you were certainly not in doubt that DAB and DRM are names of different digital broadcasting technologies. Sure, DRM is also the name of other technologies. If the context doesn't give you a clue, you may look it up in Wikipedia: Currently it lists no less than 23 different de-abbreviations of DRM. My previous post didn't give any hints towards 22 of them, but did suggest a digital radio broadcasting standard named DRM, didn't it? If I had referred to a radio standard named "Charles", would it have made a big difference for your understanding? Would it have been easier or more difficult to accept it as a technology name? OK, I will admit it openly: I deliberately used "DAB" and "DRM" without de-abbreviation to tease the "Not Invented Here" readers. In Europe, Australia and many countries in Asia and Africa, DAB is as well known today as FM is. ("AM" is fading; few Norwegian youth would know what an AM radio is, and might ask me to de-abbreviate and exp

                      D Offline
                      D Offline
                      David ONeil
                      wrote on last edited by
                      #50

                      After the past years of politics and covid, NIH = National Institute of Health over here. You are making the point you originally intended to make, but not in the way you wanted to make it. You started by saying to define TLAs, and now you wantonly use TLAs to deride people, seemingly. I agreed with your original point, but now don't care, as you seem to keep insulting us for not knowing your TLAs. Enjoy your fun, but I'm out.

                      Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

                      1 Reply Last reply
                      0
                      • Mircea NeacsuM Mircea Neacsu

                        I think this is the beginning of a long answer :) I see languages as vessels for human ideas and sentiments. For that purpose, they need a proper balance between stability and adaptability. If English would have evolved too rapidly we wouldn't be able to appreciate Shakespeare's poetry and playwrights while a frozen language would not be able to capture new concepts and ideas. Live languages do evolve and that is, in itself, a whole field of study in which I'm just a mere dilettante. It's interesting to compare the change from thou to you with the Spanish change from "tu" to "Usted". More recently, I find fascinating that in English, the language with a million words, people would find interest in creating new ones. Look at the Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows and the strange words it has created. Anemoia is probably one of my favourites. To summarize, I'm not against creation or adaptation of new words, but in this particular case I think this is just intellectual laziness. There would have been many ways (my suggestion was just the first thing that popped to mind) to express the same idea without forcing a noun into a verb. However, as @David-ONeil has pointed out, the microsoftian who did it was not the first one and Oxford dictionary has recorded that use. As for programming languages, it's very difficult to compare them with human languages. They are so much in their infancy that it is like comparing animal vocalizations with human speech. Not only the number of "words" in a computer language is ridiculously small compared with the number of words in any natural language, but their expressive power is very, very limited. Don't get me wrong, computer languages are perfectly adequate tools for interacting with a computer but not much more.

                        Mircea

                        D Offline
                        D Offline
                        David ONeil
                        wrote on last edited by
                        #51

                        Might interest you: https://www.amazon.com/Story-English-Third-Revised/dp/0142002313[^]

                        Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

                        Mircea NeacsuM 1 Reply Last reply
                        0
                        • D David ONeil

                          Might interest you: https://www.amazon.com/Story-English-Third-Revised/dp/0142002313[^]

                          Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

                          Mircea NeacsuM Offline
                          Mircea NeacsuM Offline
                          Mircea Neacsu
                          wrote on last edited by
                          #52

                          Thank you for the suggestion. As it doesn't seem to be available in Kindle edition I went for Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue: The Untold History of English[^] which had pretty good reviews. I'll give it a try.

                          Mircea

                          D 1 Reply Last reply
                          0
                          • E englebart

                            Did you mean “Potassium is _long_ for K” Try 19 next time.

                            M Offline
                            M Offline
                            MarkTJohnson
                            wrote on last edited by
                            #53

                            Nope, "Dad Joke" short.

                            I’ve given up trying to be calm. However, I am open to feeling slightly less agitated. I’m begging you for the benefit of everyone, don’t be STUPID.

                            1 Reply Last reply
                            0
                            • Mircea NeacsuM Mircea Neacsu

                              Thank you for the suggestion. As it doesn't seem to be available in Kindle edition I went for Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue: The Untold History of English[^] which had pretty good reviews. I'll give it a try.

                              Mircea

                              D Offline
                              D Offline
                              David ONeil
                              wrote on last edited by
                              #54

                              That may have been the one I heard about a couple years ago. (More than a couple years ago, by the lack of links available.) Here ChatGPT gives this additional resource that might be interesting if you have time for it: https://historyofenglishpodcast.com[^]

                              Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

                              1 Reply Last reply
                              0
                              • Sander RosselS Sander Rossel

                                I've favorited the verbing of nouns :D

                                Best, Sander Azure DevOps Succinctly (free eBook) Azure Serverless Succinctly (free eBook) Migrating Apps to the Cloud with Azure arrgh.js - Bringing LINQ to JavaScript

                                D Offline
                                D Offline
                                David ONeil
                                wrote on last edited by
                                #55

                                But what about the nouning of verbs? Did you know that there is a search engine that is named after the action of searching?!!! Google certainly picked a weird name for their company! :laugh: :laugh: :laugh: :laugh: :laugh: :laugh: (Sometimes I slay myself with my sarcasm!)

                                Our Forgotten Astronomy | Object Oriented Programming with C++ | Wordle solver

                                1 Reply Last reply
                                0
                                Reply
                                • Reply as topic
                                Log in to reply
                                • Oldest to Newest
                                • Newest to Oldest
                                • Most Votes


                                • Login

                                • Don't have an account? Register

                                • Login or register to search.
                                • First post
                                  Last post
                                0
                                • Categories
                                • Recent
                                • Tags
                                • Popular
                                • World
                                • Users
                                • Groups