I don't think that the phrase "fully compiled" means what you think that it means. I'm certain that "compiler existence" is not a direct feature of any language. For some languages, compilers have been created. For others, they have not. The languages themselves are entirely distinct from such things. If one were so inclined, a Javascript compiler could be created. So far, no one has been so inclined (that I know of anyway). In fact, if one were so inclined, said compiler could be created using C#. C# could be used to make a C# compiler. Comparing C++ to "the .NET family of languages" is an apples-to-apples comparison, because languages are languages and compilers are compilers and the two categories are only related when someone links them together (punny!). I think the folks at Microsoft responsible for Visual C++ might take particular exception to you attempting to distinguish C++ from "the .NET family of languages", given all the really hard work that went into making it into one of those .Net languages. ANY language can be a .Net language; all it needs is to be able to refer to the libraries. If having JITted bytecode really bothers you, use NGEN[^] on it. For the record, I've got some real-time communications code working just fine. I wrote it in VB. I didn't NGEN it. Heck, I didn't even adhere to general best practices while coding it. I could have written it in C++, but I like making the VB and .Net haters go spastic.