Fair enough. I'll try again. I am saying that a basic knowledge of win32 (with C++ or not) will remain important for serious windows programmers. .net is only in its infancy and, if it is successful, will continue to evolve in the direction of making simple programming tasks more quick and efficient. Which is a good thing. But it will not change the fundamental nature of programming. You *will* continue to need a good understanding of what is going on at the lowest levels in order to successfully tackle large scale projects in the future just as you have done in the past. I am also saying that if you commit yourself to a .Net view of the world, than you are going to be forced to compete against an ever growing number of people who are going to possess an ever more significant portion of your skill set. I certainly feel as though that is Microsoft's goal with this technology. Therefore, my point is that .Net is important, but a win32 oriented skill set (or a basic knowledge of any lower level OS api) remains more than relevant, it is essential. If that is not true, then we are all in deep do-do. "There's a slew of slip 'twixt cup and lip"