Apart from Anders's article at Artima there has been lots of discussion about this (and research) elsewhere on the web. The general consensus seems to be that checked exceptions seem like a good idea at first, but not such a good idea eventually! However, Spec#, MS's research language, which is a C# superset, does have checked exceptions and I think they provide a rationale for this, given the extra features of Spec#! So maybe some form of them may be rolled back into C#! Confusing, eh?:confused: Kevin