They are siblings on a form. After more testing, this seems to be a .NET issue. By default, .NET seems to shift focus when the arrow keys are pressed down. Focus is automatically taken from one control and moved to the next until it hits a control that can keep the focus. For example, if you put a button, a checkbox, a textbox, and a radio button on a form, in top-down order, you can try this: Click the button. Press down arrow three times. You will see the focus shift from the button, to the checkbox, and stop at the textbox, never reaching the radio button. Somehow the textbox is keeping the focus, although how I do not know. I need to figure out what .NET does that prevents a custom control derived from the Control class from keeping focus once it has it. Well, rather, keeping focus when the arrow keys are pressed, it keeps focus for all other key events.