About Multi-language .Net: I think it's clear that Microsoft is marketing .Net this way to make it approachable for everyone. Want to take your Cobol skills and be cutting edge, writing wireless and distributed apps? .Net is the way to go. To everyone, Java means learning something new, multi-language nature of .Net avoids this. About Interoperability between languages: The interoperability between languages thing is interesting too. Presently, I believe almost all COM development is done in C++, and most COM consumption is done in VB. So it's likely that the devs currently writing the COM stuff will move to C#, and the VB guys will continue to consume the stuff made by them. It's not so much about language capability as it is about developer skill sets. In the fullness of time however I think you're right, it will all converge on one language. It has to. FWIW I don't think Microsoft really cares if that's C# or VB, they'll let the market decide. David