Hi, I think that part of the fault lies in the magazines and catalog vendors. When I was creating and selling development products, I was advertising in various magazines and catalogs. In 1993, Dr. Dobbs was charging about $5000 for a full page color ad. Distributors like Programmer's Shop and Programmer's Connection wanted a lot of money and hefty discounts for their ads. When Miller Freeman bought Dr Dobbs, they raised the price of ads by a huge amount. Since I stopped selling programming products in 1995, I have stopped tracking magazine and catalog ad rates, but I am sure that they have more than doubled since then. I have not subscribed to the developer mags in a few years, and I have no idea what mags are still in business. But, if Miller Freeman has a monopoly on all of them, I can bet you that they are contributing mightly to the high cost of programming tools. -marc