Yes, it took the PnP model off 95 and blended it, with USB, on to NT4, coming up with a new kernel model, filters and layered drivers, but using the NT4 API. And a damn goof job was done if you ask me. Of course it meant a lot of new kernel code was needed, particularly USB, but you cold still run NT4 drivers on it. Even today serial.sys is a monolith driver straight out of NT4 I only recently touched on MacOS, on a tablet, and I have to say, it is crap. As for win 7 though, don't get me started on it. Its network management is an absoloute disaster. It is almost impossible to get two machine s to talk to each other. And, when they do, something will change at next boot and its back to the beginning again! XP and 2K just worked. Anyway, I pretty much hate IT anyway, still, it pays for the beer! :)